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Ocular Immunopathology

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Immunopathology in Toxicology and Drug Development

Part of the book series: Molecular and Integrative Toxicology ((MOLECUL))

Abstract

The eye has traditionally been regarded as an immune privileged site because inflammatory responses that would otherwise be detrimental to vision are modulated in the ocular environment. Numerous immunosuppressive mechanisms exist in the eye to accomplish this but it is clear that this status can be “broken” such as during infections and in the development of uveitis. Components of the innate immune system that sense pathogen components are present in ocular cells and activation results in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Dendritic cells, which are critical for presenting antigen to the adaptive immune system are also present in the cornea, iris, and retina and can bind and process antigens and then traffic to the local draining lymph node or spleen resulting in antibody production, the generation of pathologic T-cells, or immunosuppressive regulatory T-cells. Innate and adaptive responses may similarly occur in response to the administration of ocular biologic drugs and viral gene delivery vectors, resulting in pathology that is immune-mediated and confounding drug development. This chapter reviews our current understanding of ocular immunology and disease mechanisms, known immunological pathology associated with drug development, comparative anatomical features of the eye, and regulatory aspects specific to ocular drug development and nonclinical testing strategies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Preclinical Safety, AbbVie, Inc., North Chicago, IL, USA

    Meg Ferrell Ramos

  2. Ocular Pathology, COPLOW-University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA

    Leandro Teixeira

  3. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA

    Curtis R. Brandt

  4. Toxicology, Nonclinical and Translational Sciences, Allergan PLC, Irvine, CA, USA

    Diana Auyeung-Kim

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    George A. Parker

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Ramos, M.F., Teixeira, L., Brandt, C.R., Auyeung-Kim, D. (2017). Ocular Immunopathology. In: Parker, G. (eds) Immunopathology in Toxicology and Drug Development. Molecular and Integrative Toxicology. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47385-7_14

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