Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Statistical Model Checking: Past, Present, and Future

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation: Foundational Techniques (ISoLA 2016)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNTCS,volume 9952))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

Statistical Model Checking (SMC) is a compromise between verification and testing where executions of the systems are monitored until an algorithm from statistics can produce an estimate for the system to satisfy a given property.

The objective of this introduction is to summarizes SMC as well as a series of challenges for which contributors at Isola propose a solution.

Contributions include new SMC toolsets, new flexible SMC algorithms for larger classes of systems, and new applications.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    As we shall see later, stochastic systems may deal with additional quantities such as real-time.

  2. 2.

    This thesis is not concerned with the definition of efficient monitoring procedures.

References

  1. Alur, R.: Timed automata. In: Halbwachs, N., Peled, D. (eds.) CAV 1999. LNCS, vol. 1633, pp. 8–22. Springer, Heidelberg (1999). doi:10.1007/3-540-48683-6_3

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  2. Arora, S.: Panduranga Rao, M.V.: Probabilistic model checking of incomplete models. In: Margaria, T., Steffen, B. (eds.) ISoLA 2016, Part I. LNCS, vol. 9952, pp. 62–76. Springer, Cham (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Ahmad, W., van de Pol, J.: Synthesizing energy-optimal controllers for multi-processor dataflow applications with uppaal. In: Margaria, T., Steffen, B. (eds.) ISoLA 2016, Part I. LNCS, vol. 9952, pp. 94–113. Springer, Cham (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Biere, A., Cimatti, A., Clarke, E., Zhu, Y.: Symbolic model checking without BDDs. In: Cleaveland, W.R. (ed.) TACAS 1999. LNCS, vol. 1579, pp. 193–207. Springer, Heidelberg (1999). doi:10.1007/3-540-49059-0_14

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  5. Boyer, B., Corre, K., Legay, A., Sedwards, S.: PLASMA-lab: a flexible, distributable statistical model checking library. In: Joshi, K., Siegle, M., Stoelinga, M., D’Argenio, P.R. (eds.) QEST 2013. LNCS, vol. 8054, pp. 160–164. Springer, Heidelberg (2013). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-40196-1_12

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  6. Burch, J.R., Clarke, E.M., McMillan, K.L., Dill, D.L., Hwang, L.J.: Symbolic model checking: \(10^{20}\) states and beyond. Inf. Comp. 98(2), 142–170 (1992)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  7. Baier, C., Haverkort, B.R., Hermanns, H., Katoen, J.-P.: Model-checking algorithms for continuous-time markov chains. IEEE Trans. Software Eng. 29(6), 524–541 (2003)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  8. Broy, M., Jonsson, B., Katoen, J.-P., Leucker, M., Pretschner, A. (eds.): Model-Based Testing of Reactive Systems. LNCS, vol. 3472. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  9. Baier, C., Katoen, J.-P.: Principles of Model Checking (Representation and Mind Series). The MIT Press, Cambridge (2008)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  10. Ball, T., Millstein, T.D., Rajamani, S.K.: Polymorphic predicate abstraction. ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst. 27(2) (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Bryant, R.: Symbolic boolean manipulation with ordered binary-decision diagrams. ACM Comput. Surv. 24(3), 293–318 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Ciesinski, F., Baier, C.: Liquor: a tool for qualitative and quantitative linear time analysis of reactive systems. In: Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on the Quantitative Evaluation of Systems (QEST), pp. 131–132. IEEE (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Clarke, E.M., Emerson, E.A.: Design and synthesis of synchronization skeletons using branching time temporal logic. In: Kozen, D. (ed.) Logic of Programs 1981. LNCS, vol. 131, pp. 52–71. Springer, Heidelberg (1982). doi:10.1007/BFb0025774

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  14. Ciesinski, F., Größer, M.: On probabilistic computation tree logic. In: Baier, C., Haverkort, B.R., Hermanns, H., Katoen, J.-P., Siegle, M. (eds.) Validation of Stochastic Systems. LNCS, vol. 2925, pp. 147–188. Springer, Heidelberg (2004). doi:10.1007/978-3-540-24611-4_5

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  15. Clarke, E., Grumberg, O., Peled, D.: Model Checking. MIT Press, Cambridge (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Clarke, E., Veith, H.: Counterexamples revisited: principles, algorithms, applications. In: Dershowitz, N. (ed.) Verification: Theory and Practice. LNCS, vol. 2772, pp. 208–224. Springer, Heidelberg (2003). doi:10.1007/978-3-540-39910-0_9

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  17. Courcoubetis, C., Yannakakis, M.: The complexity of probabilistic verification. J. ACM 42(4), 857–907 (1995)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  18. Droste, M., Gastin, P.: Weighted automata and weighted logics. Theor. Comput. Sci. 380(1–2), 69–86 (2007)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  19. David, A., Larsen, K.G., Legay, A., Mikučionis, M., Wang, Z.: Time for statistical model checking of real-time systems. In: Gopalakrishnan, G., Qadeer, S. (eds.) CAV 2011. LNCS, vol. 6806, pp. 349–355. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-22110-1_27

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  20. Dovier, A., Piazza, C., Policriti, A.: An efficient algorithm for computing bisimulation equivalence. Theoret. Comput. Sci. 311(1–3), 221–256 (2004)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  21. Flanagan, C., Godefroid, P.: Dynamic partial-order reduction for model checking software. In: POPL, pp. 110–121. ACM (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Cabodi, G., Camurati, P., Quer, S.: Can BDDs compete with sat solvers on bounded model checking? In: Proceedings of 39th Design Automation Conference (DAC), pp. 117–122. ACM (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Younes, H.L.S., Clarke, E.M., Zuliani, P.: Statistical verification of probabilistic properties with unbounded until. In: Davies, J., Silva, L., Simao, A. (eds.) SBMF 2010. LNCS, vol. 6527, pp. 144–160. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-19829-8_10

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  24. Havelund, K., Roşu, G.: Synthesizing monitors for safety properties. In: Katoen, J.-P., Stevens, P. (eds.) TACAS 2002. LNCS, vol. 2280, pp. 342–356. Springer, Heidelberg (2002). doi:10.1007/3-540-46002-0_24

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  25. Jansen, D.N., Katoen, J.-P., Oldenkamp, M., Stoelinga, M., Zapreev, I.: How fast and fat is your probabilistic model checker? an experimental performance comparison. In: Yorav, K. (ed.) HVC 2007. LNCS, vol. 4899, pp. 69–85. Springer, Heidelberg (2008). doi:10.1007/978-3-540-77966-7_9

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  26. Jegourel, C., Lukina, A., Legay, A., Smolka, S., Grosu, R., Bartocci, E.: Feedback control for statistical model checking of cyber-physical systems. In: Margaria, T., Steffen, B. (eds.) ISoLA 2016, Part I. LNCS, vol. 9952, pp. 46–61. Springer, Cham (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Kwiatkowska, M.Z., Norman, G., Parker, D.: Prism 2.0: a tool for probabilistic model checking. In: QEST, pp. 322–323. IEEE (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Kwiatkowska, M., Norman, G., Parker, D.: PRISM 4.0: verification of probabilistic real-time systems. In: Gopalakrishnan, G., Qadeer, S. (eds.) CAV 2011. LNCS, vol. 6806, pp. 585–591. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-22110-1_47

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  29. Kretinsky, J.: Survey of statistical verification of linear unbounded properties: model checking and distances. In: Margaria, T., Steffen, B. (eds.) ISoLA 2016, Part I. LNCS, vol. 9952, pp. 27–45. Springer, Cham (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Linard, A., de Paula Bueno, M.L.: Towards adaptive scheduling of maintenance for cyber-physical systems. In: Margaria, T., Steffen, B. (eds.) ISoLA 2016, Part I. LNCS, vol. 9952, pp. 134–150. Springer, Cham (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Legay, A., Sedwards, S., Traonouez, L.-M.: Plasma lab: a modular statistical model checking platform. In: Margaria, T., Steffen, B. (eds.) ISoLA 2016, Part I. LNCS, vol. 9952, pp. 77–93. Springer, Cham (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Okamoto, M.: Some inequalities relating to the partial sum of binomial probabilities. Ann. Inst. Stat. Math. 10, 29–35 (1959)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  33. Pnueli, A.: The temporal logic of programs. In: Proceedings of 18th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS), pp. 46–57 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Reijsbergen, D., de Boer, P.-T., Scheinhardt, W.: Hypothesis testing for rare-event simulation: limitations and possibilities. In: Margaria, T., Steffen, B. (eds.) ISoLA 2016, Part I. LNCS, vol. 9952, pp. 16–26. Springer, Cham (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Ruijters, E., Stoelinga, M.: Better railway engineering through statistical model checking. In: Margaria, T., Steffen, B. (eds.) ISoLA 2016, Part I. LNCS, vol. 9952, pp. 151–165. Springer, Cham (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Strnadel, J.: On creation, analysis of reliability models by means of stochastic timed automata, statistical model checking: principle. In: Margaria, T., Steffen, B. (eds.) ISoLA 2016, Part I. LNCS, vol. 9952, pp. 166–181. Springer, Cham (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Sen, K., Viswanathan, M., Agha, G.: Statistical model checking of black-box probabilistic systems. In: Alur, R., Peled, D.A. (eds.) CAV 2004. LNCS, vol. 3114, pp. 202–215. Springer, Heidelberg (2004). doi:10.1007/978-3-540-27813-9_16

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  38. Sen, K., Viswanathan, M., Agha, G.: On statistical model checking of stochastic systems. In: CAV, pp. 266–280 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  39. ter Beek, M., Legay, A., Vandin, A., Lafuente, A.L.: Statistical model checking for product lines. In: Margaria, T., Steffen, B. (eds.) ISoLA 2016, Part I. LNCS, vol. 9952, pp. 114–133. Springer, Cham (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  40. Wald, A.: Sequential tests of statistical hypotheses. Ann. Math. Stat. 16(2), 117–186 (1945)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  41. Wolper, P., Godefroid, P.: Partial-order methods for temporal verification. In: Best, E. (ed.) CONCUR 1993. LNCS, vol. 715, pp. 233–246. Springer, Heidelberg (1993). doi:10.1007/3-540-57208-2_17

    Google Scholar 

  42. Younes, H.L.S.: Verification and planning for stochastic processes with asynchronous events. Ph.D. thesis, Carnegie Mellon (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  43. Younes, H.L.S.: Verification and planning for stochastic processes with asynchronous events. Ph.D. thesis, Carnegie Mellon University (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  44. Younes, H.L.S.: Error control for probabilistic model checking. In: Emerson, E.A., Namjoshi, K.S. (eds.) VMCAI 2006. LNCS, vol. 3855, pp. 142–156. Springer, Heidelberg (2005). doi:10.1007/11609773_10

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  45. Younes, H.L.S., Simmons, R.G.: Probabilistic verification of discrete event systems using acceptance sampling. In: Brinksma, E., Larsen, K.G. (eds.) CAV 2002. LNCS, vol. 2404, pp. 223–235. Springer, Heidelberg (2002). doi:10.1007/3-540-45657-0_17

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Aalborg University Inria, Aalborg, Denmark

    Kim G. Larsen & Axel Legay

Authors
  1. Kim G. Larsen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Axel Legay
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Axel Legay .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Lero, Limerick, Ireland

    Tiziana Margaria

  2. TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany

    Bernhard Steffen

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing AG

About this paper

Cite this paper

Larsen, K.G., Legay, A. (2016). Statistical Model Checking: Past, Present, and Future. In: Margaria, T., Steffen, B. (eds) Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation: Foundational Techniques. ISoLA 2016. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 9952. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47166-2_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47166-2_1

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-47165-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-47166-2

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation