Abstract
The encounter of high levels of allergens via the skin, such as from house dust mite, may induce allergic dermatitis. Atopic individuals, both human and animal, are genetically predisposed for a deficient skin barrier function and have an inborn higher jeopardy for percutaneous allergy and infections. The atopic phenotype also has typically a higher risk for environmental allergies which is in humans termed the atopic march.
Atopic dermatitis (AD) or eczema is clinically associated with chronic or recurrent, often persistent skin inflammation at typical body sites: head and face, neck, intertrigo areas, and bend and hollow sites of arms and legs. It often occurs from early age, may persist lifelong, and is complexed by the associated itch. The clinics in humans and animals are comparable in terms of the pruritic inflammation, and scratching bears a high risk for superinfections. Further symptoms may be thickening of the keratocyte layer associated with overall atrophy of the skin (lichenification); more rarely severe systemic courses may take place.
The diagnostic criteria are the eczematous skin appearance, elevated total IgE levels, and occurrence of allergen-specific IgE associated with hay fever, asthma, and food allergies. Treatments of AD are based on skin repair and anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory drugs, mostly local, in severe cases systemically. All treatments today are symptomatic.
The great homology of human and veterinary AD should be recognized to speed up the understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and result in development of an improved generation of drugs with true healing potency.
Keywords
- Atopic Dermatitis
- Food Allergy
- House Dust
- Skin Barrier Function
- Environmental Allergen
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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This work was supported by the Austrian Science Fund Grant SFB F4606-B28.
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Jensen-Jarolim, E., Herrmann, I., Panakova, L., Janda, J. (2017). Allergic and Atopic Eczema in Humans and Their Animals. In: Jensen-Jarolim, E. (eds) Comparative Medicine. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47007-8_9
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