Abstract
The thoracic vascularization includes systemic and pulmonary vessels. Systemic vessels are branches of the thoracic aorta and supply blood to extrapulmonary thoracic structures and supporting structures of the lungs. Any segment of the embryonic thoracic aortic arch can regress or persist abnormally in an extensive array of aortic arch anomalies, known as vascular ring anomalies. The bronchial arteries play important roles in various diseases affecting the airways and lung parenchyma, such as in case of pulmonary embolism. Although considered to be rare, thoracic vascular anomalies in dogs and cats are increasingly recognized with the diffusion of MDCT in veterinary practice.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsFurther Readings
Bertolini G. Acquired portal collateral circulation in the dog and cat. Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2010;5:25–33.
Bertolini G, Zotti A. Imaging diagnosis: absence of the left external and both internal jugular veins in a cat. Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2006;47:468–9.
Bertolini G, De Lorenzi D, Ledda G, Caldin M. Esophageal varices due to a probable arteriovenous communication in a dog. J Vet Intern Med. 2007;21:1392–5.
Bezuidenhout AJ. Unusual anomalies of the arteries at the base of the heart in a dog. J S Afr Vet Assoc. 1992;63:32–5.
Bottorff B, Sisson DD. Hypoplastic aberrant left subclavian artery in a dog with a persistent right aortic arch. J Vet Cardiol. 2012;14(2):381–5. doi:10.1016/j.jvc.2012.01.013.
Buchanan JW. Persistent left cranial vena cava in dogs: angiocardiography, significance, and co-existing anomalies. J Am Vet Radiol Soc. 1963;4:1–8.
Du Plessis CJ, Keller N, Joubert KE. Symmetrical double aortic arch in a beagle puppy. J Small Anim Pract. 2006;47:31–4. doi:10.1111/j.1748-5827.2006.00009.x.
Heaney AM, Bulmer BJ. Cor triatriatum sinister and persistent left cranial vena cava in a kitten. J Vet Intern Med. 2004;18(6):895–8.
Henjes CR, Nolte I, Wefstaedt P. Multidetector-row computed tomography of thoracic aortic anomalies in dogs and cats: patent ductus arteriosus and vascular rings. BMC Vet Res. 2011;7:57.
Joly H, D’Anjou M-A, Huneault L. Imaging diagnosis – CT angiography of a rare vascular ring anomaly in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2007;49:42–6.
Larcher T, Abadie J, Roux FA, Deschamps JY, Wyers M. Persistent left cranial vena cava causing oesophageal obstruction and consequent megaoesophagus in a dog. J Comp Pathol. 2006;135(2–3):150-2. Epub 2006 Sep 6.
Lawler LP, Corl FM, Fishman EK. Multi-detector row and volume-rendered CT of the normal and accessory flow pathways of the thoracic systemic and pulmonary veins. Radiographics 22 Spec No:S45–S60. 2002.
Leach SB, Fine DM, Schutrumpf RJ 3rd, Britt LG, Durham HE, Christiansen K. Coil embolization of an aorticopulmonary fistula in a dog. J Vet Cardiol. 2010;12:211–6.
Ledda G, Caldin M, Mezzalira G, Bertolini G. Multidetector-row computed tomography patterns of bronchoesphageal artery hypertrophy and systemic-to-pulmonary fistula in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2015;56(4):347-58. doi:10.1111/vru.12247. Epub 2015 Mar 9.
LeRoux A, Granger LA, Reynolds C, Gaschen L. Computed tomography features of bronchial and non-bronchial collateral arterial circulation development in a dog diagnosed with multiple chronic pulmonary thrombi. J Vet Cardiol. 2013;15:283–7.
Liu SK, Yarns DA, Carmichael JA, Tashjian RJ. Pulmonary collateral circulation in canine dirofilariasis. Am J Vet Res. 1969;30:1723–35.
Malik R, Bellenger CR, Hunt GB, Church DB, Allan GS. Aberrant bronchoesphageal artery mimicking patent ductus arteriosus in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 1994;30:162–4.
Markovic LE, Kellihan HB, Roldán-Alzate A, Drees R, Bjorling DE, Francois CJ. Advanced multimodality imaging of an anomalous vessel between the ascending aorta and main pulmonary artery in a dog. J Vet Cardiol. 2014;16:59–65.
Miller R, Wilson C, Wray J, Jakovljevic S, Tappin S. Adult-onset regurgitation in a dog with an aberrant right subclavian artery: a CT angiographic study. Vet Rec Case Rep. 2015;3:e000138. doi:10.1136/vetreccr-2014-000138.
Pownder S, Scrivani PV. Non-selective computed tomography angiography of a vascular ring anomaly in a dog. J Vet Cardiol. 2008;10:125–8. doi:10.1016/j.jvc.2008.09.003.
Robinson NA, Armíen AG. Tubular hypoplasia of the aorta and right atrioventricular valve dysplasia in a Bulldog. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2010;22(4):667–70.
Routh CE, Hagen RU, Else RW, Strachan FA, Yool DA. Imaging diagnosis—congenital venous aneurysm of the left external jugular vein. Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2009;50(5):506–8.
Salmeri KR, Bellah JR, Ackerman N, Homer B. Unilateral congenital aneurysm of the jugular, linguofacial, and maxillary veins in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1991;198(4):651–4.
Scollan K, D S. Multi-detector computed tomography of an aortic dissection in a cat. J Vet Cardiol. 2014;16(1):67–72. doi:10.1016/j.jvc.2013.11.002.
Singh A, Brisson BA. Chylothorax associated with thrombosis of the cranial vena cava. Can Vet J. 2010;51(8):847–52.
Specchi S, Olive J, Auriemma E, Blond L. Anatomic variations of feline internal and external jugular veins. Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2012;53(4):367–70. doi:10.1111/j.1740-8261.2012.01936.x.
Vianna ML, Krahwinkel DJ. Double aortic arch in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2004;225:1222–4. doi:10.2460/javma.2004.225.1222.
Walker CM, Rosado-de-Christenson ML, Martínez-Jiménez S, Kunin JR, Wible BC. Bronchial arteries: anatomy, function, hypertrophy, and anomalies. Radiographics. 2015;35(1):32–49. doi:10.1148/rg.351140089.
White RN, Burton CA, Hale JS. Vascular ring anomaly with coarctation of the aorta in a cat. J Small Anim Pract. 2003;44(7):330–4.
Yamane T, Awazu T, Fujii Y, et al. Aberrant branch of the bronchoesophageal artery resembling patent ductus arteriosus in a dog. J Vet Med Sci. 2001;63:819–22.
Yoon H-Y, Jeong S. Surgical correction of an aberrant right subclavian artery in a dog. Can Vet J. 2011;52(10):1115–8.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bertolini, G. (2017). The Systemic Thoracic Vasculature. In: Bertolini, G. (eds) Body MDCT in Small Animals. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46904-1_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46904-1_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-46902-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-46904-1
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)