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Functional Dualism of Perinatal Stem Cells

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Perinatal Tissue-Derived Stem Cells

Part of the book series: Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine ((STEMCELL))

Abstract

Stem cell-based therapies hold the potential of alleviating the burden of many serious diseases. These promising stem cell-based approaches for patients with unmet medical needs rely mainly on two unique properties of stem cells: their differentiation capability to all three germ layers (pluripotency) and their immunomodulatory function. The pluripotency makes the stem cells able to generate desired types of cells for cell replacement therapies. The immunomodulatory properties can be utilized to control immunoreaction and subsequent pathological events. Traditionally, pluripotency has been considered a character of embryonic stem cells, and immunomodulatory properties one of mesenchymal stem cells from adult somatic tissues. During the last decade, however, many studies revealed that some perinatal stem cells represent a novel class of stem cells with intermediate characteristics of both pluripotent/embryonic and adult stem cells, as they possess the pluripotent stem cell-like differentiation potential and immunomodulatory effects similar to mesenchymal stem cells in vitro and in vivo. In addition, these perinatal stem cells are as genetically stable as adult stem cells. These unique characteristics, together with the absence of ethical issues concerning their procurement, attract many researchers in search of practical stem cells for prompt clinical translation.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) grant TR3-05488 (TM).

Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. T.M. owns stock in Stemnion, LLC. The authors have received no payment for the preparation of this manuscript and state no other financial and non-financial conflict of interests.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Toshio Miki M.D., Ph.D.

  2. Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA

    Fabio Triolo

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  1. Toshio Miki M.D., Ph.D.
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  2. Fabio Triolo
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Correspondence to Toshio Miki M.D., Ph.D. .

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  1. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences & Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Babak Arjmand

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Miki, T., Triolo, F. (2016). Functional Dualism of Perinatal Stem Cells. In: Arjmand, B. (eds) Perinatal Tissue-Derived Stem Cells. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46410-7_1

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