Abstract
Individually, cellular rejection and antibody-mediated rejection are well characterized and routinely evaluated in cardiac transplant biopsies. The co-occurrence of both of these rejection patterns in the same biopsy, or “mixed rejection,” is also recognized, although not as well documented in the literature. This chapter addresses the question of whether mixed rejection is coincidental or due to cross communication or cross activation between the two arms of the immune system. It also explores potential mechanisms for such an interrelationship, including intermediaries such as innate immune cells, the coagulation system, and endothelial activation.
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Miller, D.V., Kfoury, A.G. (2016). “Mixed” Rejection in Heart Transplantation. In: Leone, O., Angelini, A., Bruneval, P., Potena, L. (eds) The Pathology of Cardiac Transplantation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46386-5_15
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46386-5_15
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