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Asteroid Mining: Mineral Resources in Undifferentiated Bodies from the Chemical Composition of Carbonaceous Chondrites

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Assessment and Mitigation of Asteroid Impact Hazards

Part of the book series: Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings ((ASSSP,volume 46))

Abstract

Humanity has been mining Earth deposits for decades in order to extract tiny amounts of economically valuable metals and thereby, producing huge natural devastations of our planet. Recently, asteroids have grabbed our attention since they are fascinating objects carrying the hints of Solar System origin and, at the same time, containing large amounts of valuable resources including platinum group metals (Mining the sky: untold riches form the Asteroids, Comets, and Planets, Reading, 1996), iron, nickel, rare earth elements (REE), and water (Mining the sky: untold riches form the Asteroids, Comets, and Planets, Reading, 1996; The technical and economic feasibility of mining the Near Earth Asteroids. PHD thesis, 1997). At present, 14,036 near-Earth objects (NEOs) are known to travel around an orbit close to the Earth, from which 1684 are considered potentially hazardous asteroids (PHAs). In this scenario, may not be surprising that some private companies start considering asteroid mining. In the present study, we report the bulk rare-earth element (REEs, La-Lu) compositions of 38 carbonaceous chondrites as well as 2 R-chondrites, including 5 falls and 35 finds, by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) technique. The CI-chondrite-normalized REE patterns show enormous Ce anomalies and large LREE enrichments never described before, attributed to the small sample size and terrestrial contamination. We have also found the characteristic Tm anomalies described by some authors (Acta 163:234–261, 2015; Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 176:1–17, 2016) attributed to type II CAIs. We conclude that from the point of view of abundances, REEs are not worth mining yet for PGEs may be reasonable. In any case, the current inequality between supply and demand of rare earths is a real problem that will result in large price instabilities for many sectors of the economy, also having negative effects in new technologies and development. Consequently, we envision that space exploration will be a way to find the new resources required to sustain market economy over longer timescales.

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Acknowledgments

This work was financially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation projects AYA2011-26522, and AYA2015-67175-P, to which M. Martínez-Jiménez, J.M. Trigo-Rodríguez and C. E. Moyano-Cambero acknowledge financial support. We also thank the NASA Meteorite Working Group, and the Johnson Space Center for the samples provided. This study was done in the frame of a PhD. on Physics at the Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB) funded as a FPI in AYA2011-26522 (P.I. J.M. Trigo-Rodríguez).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Space Sciences (IEEC-CSIC), Meteorites, Minor Bodies and Planetary Science Group, Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain

    Marina Martínez-Jiménez, Carles E. Moyano-Cambero & Josep M. Trigo-Rodríguez

  2. Fac. de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III s/n, Toledo, 45071, Spain

    Jacinto Alonso-Azcárate

  3. Institut de Tècniques Energètiques i Centre de Recerca de Nanoenginyeria, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Diagonal 647, ETSEIB, Barcelona, 08028, Spain

    Jordi Llorca

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  1. Marina Martínez-Jiménez
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Correspondence to Marina Martínez-Jiménez .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Campus UAB, 2a planta, Institute of Space Sciences, Bellaterra Barcelona, Spain

    Josep M. Trigo-Rodríguez

  2. Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Maria Gritsevich

  3. Sektion Meteoritenforschung, Senckenberg, Naturmuseum und Forschungsinstitut, Frankfurt, Germany

    Herbert Palme

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Martínez-Jiménez, M., Moyano-Cambero, C.E., Trigo-Rodríguez, J.M., Alonso-Azcárate, J., Llorca, J. (2017). Asteroid Mining: Mineral Resources in Undifferentiated Bodies from the Chemical Composition of Carbonaceous Chondrites. In: Trigo-Rodríguez, J., Gritsevich, M., Palme, H. (eds) Assessment and Mitigation of Asteroid Impact Hazards. Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings, vol 46. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46179-3_5

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