Abstract
Methodological scheme of thermal analysis is used for portraying the Earth environmental research and climate changes, showing particularly the history, effect of atmosphere reflection (albedo), and absorption (so-called greenhouse effect included). The net behavior of the Earth as a black body is reviewed. The most influential on climate changes is the alteration of the geometry of the Earth trajectory and the irradiative power of the Sun (as a standard thermoanalytical pair of the sample and radiator). Thermodynamic basis of water vapor impacts is pointed out, the absorption spectra of atmosphere are emphasized, and temperature gradients are indicated. The historical course of the Earth temperature and CO2 concentration is put in analogy with the method of gas desorption analysis, which supports the view that the variation of CO2 concentration recorded in the past may not be alone blamed for temperature changes. The influences of atmosphere nanoparticles on weather, climate, and human health are discussed, as well. With 91 references.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Strnad J (1790) Chronologisches Verzeichniss der Naturbegebenheiten in Böhmen vom Jahre 633–1700, Prag. Studnička JF (1878) Entertainment Astronomical. Kolář, Praha, p 104 (in Czech)
Šesták J (2008) How is it with the warming of our planet Earth and what is the role of greenhouse gases. Energetika (Prague) 10:392–395 (in Czech)
Lovelock J (2000) Gaia: a new look at life on the Earth. Oxford University
Clark PU, Dyke AS, Shakun JD, Carlson AE, Clark J, Wohlfarth B, Mitrovica JX, Hostetler SW, McCabe AM (2009) The last glacial maximum. Science 325:710. Moberg A, Sonechkin DM, Holmgren K, Datsenko NM, Karlén W (2005) Highly variable northern-hemisphere temperatures reconstructed from low- and high-resolution proxy data. Nature 433:613
Climate Change 2007 (2007) Synthesis report, an assessment of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/syr/ar4_syr.pdf
McGovern TH (1980) Cows, harp seals, and church bells: adaptation and extinction in Norse Greenland. Human Ecol 8:245
Šesták J (1984) Thermophysical properties of solids: theoretical thermal analysis. Elsevier, Amsterdam. (1988) Its Russian version ‘Teoreticheskij termicheskij analiz’. Moscow; Mir. (2005) Science of heat and thermophysical studies: a generalized approach to thermal analysis. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Czarnecki JP, Koga N, Šestákova V, Šesták J (1992) Factors affecting the experimentally resolved thermoanalytical curves. J Therm Anal 38:575. Czarnecki JP, Šesták J (2015) From recording balances to thermogravimetric instruments and back. J Therm Anal Calorim 120:157–166
Šatava V, Šesták J (1973) Mechanism of thermal decomposition of sulphate hemihydrates by isothermal and nod isothermal thermogravimetry using light-aided heating. Anal Chem 35:154. Šesták J (1993) Thermal treatment and analysis. J Therm Anal 40:1293
Basaran, T, Ilken Z (1998) Thermal analysis of the heating system of the small bath in ancient Phaselis. Energy Build 27:1–11. Athienitis AK, Santamouris M (2000) Thermal analysis and design of passive solar buildings. Routledge (ISBN-13: 978-1902916026)
Hartmann DL, Ramanathan V, Hunt GE (1986) Earth radiation budget data and climate research. Rev Geophys 24:439
Raval A, Ramanathan V (1989) Observational determination of the greenhouse effect. Nature 342:758
Wallace JM, Hobbs PV (1977) Atmospheric science: an introductory survey. Academic Press, London
Zemansky RW, Dittman RH (1952) Heat and thermodynamics. McGraw Hill, New York
Eskinazi S (1975) Fluid mechanics and thermodynamics of our environment. Academic Press, New York
Sertorio L (1991) Thermodynamics of complex systems: an introduction to eco-physics. World Science, London
Peixoto JP, Oort AH (1992) Physics of climate. American Institute of Physics, New York
Odum HT (1996) Environmental accounting: energy and decision making. Wiley, New York
Bohren CF, Albrecht BA (1998) Atmosphere thermodynamics. Oxford University Press, New York
Maršík F, Dvořák I (1998) Biothermodynamics. Academia, Prague (in Czech)
Curry JA, Webster PJ (1999) Thermodynamics of atmosphere. Academic, New York
Berdwell A, Hoden L (2003) Weather and climate studies. Prentice Hall, New York
Šesták J (2004) Society, science and ecology: progress against survival (Chapter 16). Heat, thermal analysis and society. Nucleus, Hradec Králové, p 277
Day JA (2005) The book of clouds. Sterling. Kiehl JT, Ramanathan V (eds) (2006) Frontiers of climate modeling. Cambridge University Press
Robinson AB, Robinson NE, Soon W (2007) Environmental effects of increased atmospheric CO2. J Amer Phys Surg 12:81. (1999) Climate Res 13:171. http://www.oism.org/pproject/s33p36.htm
Šesták J (2007) Consideration on economic and ecological book Vaclav Klaus: global warming and the immensity of energy resources. Chem Listy (Prague); 101:832 (in Czech). www.fzu.cz/~sestak
Šesták J, Hubík P, Mareš JJ (2010) Thermal analysis scheme aimed at better understanding of the Earth’s climate changes due to the alternating irradiation. J Therm Anal Calorim 101:567–575
Šesták J (2006) On the availability, exploitability and sustainability of our energy resources (Chapter 9). In: Knut E, Pliska V, Folkers G (eds) Promises of science. Collegium Helveticum, Zurich, p 69
Fourier JB (1822) Theorie analytique de la chaleur. Paris
Faraday M (1860) Chemical history of candle. Royal Inst, London
Arrhenius S (1896) On the influence of carbonic acid in the air upon the temperature of the ground. Phil Mag 41:237
Twomay S (1974) Pollution and the planetary albedo. Atmos Environ 8:1251
Teller A, Levin Z (2006) The effects of aerosols on precipitation and dimensions of subtropical clouds: a sensitivity study using a numerical cloud model. Atmos Chem Phys 6:67
Guisbier G, Buchaillot L (2009) Universal size/shape-dependent law for characteristic temperatures. Phys Lett A 374:305. Vanithakurami SC, Nada KK (2008) Universal relation for the cohesive energy of nanoparticles. Phys Lett A 372:6930
Tyndall J (1861) On the absorption and radiation of heat by gases and vapors. Philos Mag 22:169, 173
Langley SP (1884) Researches on solar heat and its absorption by the Earth atmosphere. Report of the Mt. Whitney expedition. Governmental Printing, Washington
Kaplan LD (1959) The atmosphere and the sea in motion. Rockefeller Inst. Press, New York (in particular, the chapter “Calculation of infrared fluxes” pp. 170)
Poynting JH (1904) Radiation in the solar system. Phil Trans A 202:525
Tverskoy PN (1951) Course on meteorology: atmospheric physics. Hydrometeorol Izdatelstvo, Leningrad (in Russian)
Goody RM (1964) Atmospheric radiation: theoretical basis. Clerandon, New York
Bednář J (1989) Special phenomena in the Earth atmosphere. Academia, Prague (in Czech)
Lorenz EN (1963) Deterministic nonperiodic flow. J Atmos Sci 20:130
Sussman GJ, Wisdom J (1992) Chaotic evolution of the solar system. Science 257:56
Lean JL (2010) Cycles and trends in solar irradiance and climate. Wiley interdisciplinary reviews: climate change 1:111–122. Haigh J (2011) Solar influences on climate. Grantham Institute for Climate Change, Briefing paper No 5, London, Imperial College
Huybers P (2007) Glacial variability over the past two million years. Quat Sci Rev 26:37
Oeschger H, Langway CC (eds) (1989) The environmental record in glaciers and ice sheet. Wiley, New York
Milankovitch M (1920) Theorie Methematique des Phenomenes Thermiques produits par la Radiation Solaire. Gauthier-Villars, Paris
Kutilek M (2008) Rationally about the global warming. Prague, Dokořán (in Czech)
Clough HG (1905) Synchronous variations in solar and terrestrial phenomena. Astrophys J 22:42
Christensen EF, Lassen K (1991) Length of the solar cycles as an indicator of solar activity closely associated with the Earth’s climate. Science 254:698. (1995) J Atmos Terr Phys 57:835
Haigh J (1996) On the impact of solar variability on climate. Science 272:767
NASA/Marshal Solar Physics. The sunspot cycle. Websites: http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/SunspotCycle.shtml
Hoyt DV, Schatten KH (1997) The role of the Sun in climate changes. Oxford University Press, New York
Svensmark H, Christensen EF (1997) Variation of cosmic ray flux and global cloud coverage—a missing link in solar climate relationships. J Atmos Sol Terr Phys 59:1225. Svensmark H, Pedersen JOP, Marsh ND, Enghoff MB, Uggerhoj UI (2007) Experimental evidence for the role of ions in particle nucleation under atmospheric conditions. Proc R Soc A 463:385
Singer SF, Awery DT (2007) Unstoppable global worming every 1500 years. Rownan-Littefield, Lanham
Landscheidt T (1997) Klimavorhersage mit astronomischen Mitteln? Fusion 18:58
Arnold VI (1963) Small denominators and problems of stability in classical and celestial mechanics. Russian Math Surv 18:85 (in Russian)
Maršík F (1999) Thermodynamics of continuum. Academia, Prague
Pauluis OM (2005) Water vapor and entropy production on the Earth’s atmosphere. In: Kleidon A, Lorens RD (eds) Nonequilibrium thermodynamics and production of entropy. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 107–119
Adams DL, Renno NO (2005) Thermodynamic efficiencies of an idealized global climate model. Clim Dyn 25:801–813
Singer SF (2001) Satellite observations of atmospheric gases. Wall Street Journal, Sept. 10 (data from US Weather Satellite Service)
Ramanathan V (1987) The Role of ocean-atmosphere interaction in the CO2 climate problem. J Atmos Sci 38:918. (1987) The role of Earth radiation budget in climate and general circulation research. J Geophys Res 38:4075
Zámostný P, Kukula P, Young JS (1999) Possible green house gases and global climate change. Chemické listy (Prague) 93:238 (in Czech)
Houghton RA (2007) Balancing the global carbon budget. Ann Rev Earth Planet Sci 35:313
Romanova V, Lohmann G, Grosfel K (2006) Effect of land albedo, CO2, orography and ocean heat transport on extreme climate. Clim Past 2:31
Rodhe H (1990) A comparison of the contribution of various gases to greenhouse effect. Science 248:1217
Burgmeister J (2007) Missing carbon mystery: case solved? Nat Rep Clim Change 3:37
Petit JR (1999) Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from the Vostok Ice Core, Antarctica. Nature 399:429–436
Humlum O, Stordahl K, Solheim J (2013) The phase relation between atmospheric carbon dioxide and global temperature. Glob Planet Change 100:51–69
Kuo C, Lindberg CR, Thorson D (1990) Coherence established between the atmospheric CO2 and global temperature. Nature 343:709
Henderson GE (2006) Caving into new chronologies. Science 313:620. (2007) Orbital and millennial Antarctic climate variability over the past 800,000 years. A collective report. Science 317:793
Chalmers JA (1957) Atmospheric electricity. Pergamon, London
Rycroft MJ, Harrison RG, Nicoll NA, Mareev AE (2008) An overview of earth’s global electric circuit and atmospheric conductivity. Space Sci Rev 137:83–105. Harrison RG, Ambaum MHP (2009) Observed atmospheric electricity effect on clouds. Environ Res Let 4:4
Harrison RG, Carslaw KS, (2003) Ion-aerosol-cloud processes in the lower atmosphere. Rev Geophys 41. Buseck PR, Adachi K (2008) Nanoparticles in the atmosphere. Elements 4:389. doi:10.1029/2002RG000114
Smita S, Gupta SK, Bartonova A, Dusinska M, Gutleb AC, Rahman Q (2012) Nanoparticles in the environment: assessment using the causal diagram approach. Environ Health 11(Suppl 1):S13
Stone V, Nowack B, Baun A, van den Brink N, Kammer F, Dusinska M, Handy R, Hankin S, Hassellöv M, Joner E, Fernandes TF (2010) Nanomaterials for environmental studies: classification, reference material issues, and strategies for physico-chemical characterization. Sci Total Environ 408:1745–1754
Kulmala M, Kerminen VM (2008) On the formation and growth of atmospheric nanoparticles. Atmos Res 90:132–150
Biswas P, Wu C (2005) Nanoparticles and the environment. Air Waste Manage Assoc 55:708–746
Buzea C, Pacheco II, Robbie K (2007) Nanomaterials and nanoparticles: sources and toxicity. Biointerphases 2:MR17–MR71
Xia T, Li N, Nel AE (2009) Potential health impact risk of nanoparticles. Ann Rev Pub Health 29:137–150
Nel A, Xia T, Mädler L, Li N (2006) Toxic potential of materials at the nanolevel. Science 311:622–627
Oberdörster G, Sharp Z, Atudorei V, Elder A, Gelein R, Kreyling W, Cox C (2004) Translocation of inhaled ultrafine particles to the brain. Inhal Toxicol 16:437–445
Simkó M, Mattsson MO (2010) Risks from accidental exposures to engineered nanoparticles and neurological health effects: a critical review. Part Fibre Toxicol 7:42
Lockman PR, Koziara JM, Mumper RJ, Allen DD (2004) Nanoparticle surface charges alter blood-brain barrier integrity and permeability. J Drug Target 12:635–641
Price JC (1977) Thermal inertia mapping: a new view of the Earth. J Geophys Res (oceans and atmospheres) 82:2582–2590. Xue Y, Cracknell AP (1995) Advanced thermal inertia modeling. Int J Remote Sens Environ 16:431–446
Carlson TY, Dodd JK, Benjamin SG, Cooper JN (1981) Satellite estimation of the surface energy balance, moisture availability and thermal inertia. J Appl Meteorol 20:67–87
Nearing SG, Moran MS, Scott RL, Ponce-Campos G (2012) Coupling diffusion and maximum entropy models to estimate thermal inertia. Int J Remote Sens Environ 119:222–231
Murray T, Verhoef A (2007) Moving towards a more mechanistic approach in the determination of soil heat flux from remote measurements: a universal approach to calculate thermal inertia. Agric For Meteorol 147:80–87
Wang J, Bras RL, Sivandran G, Knox RG (2010) A simple method for the estimation of thermal inertia. Geophys Res Lett 37:L05404 doi:10.1029/2009GL041851
Wang J, Bras RL (1999) Ground heat flux estimated from surface soil temperature. J Hydrol 216:214–226
Holba P, Šesták J (2015) Heat inertia and its role in thermal analysis. J Therm Anal Calor 121:303–307. Šesták J (2014) Is the original Kissinger equation obsolete today: not obsolete the entire non-isothermal kinetics while ignoring thermal inertia? J Therm Anal Calorim 117:3–7
Acknowledgement
J. Šesták acknowledges the support of Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic in the framework of CENTEM PLUS project (LO1402) operated under the “National Sustainability Program I.”
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Šesták, J., Hubík, P., Mareš, J.J. (2017). Thermal Analysis Scheme Anticipated for Better Understanding of the Earth Climate Changes: Impact of Irradiation, Absorbability, Atmosphere, and Nanoparticles. In: Šesták, J., Hubík, P., Mareš, J. (eds) Thermal Physics and Thermal Analysis. Hot Topics in Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, vol 11. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45899-1_22
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45899-1_22
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-45897-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-45899-1
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)