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Escherichia coli in the Americas pp 125–147Cite as

Diffusely Adherent Escherichia coli

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Summary

Diffusely adherent Escherichia coli (DAEC) were the last diarrheagenic E. coli pathogroup (DEC) to be recognized. DAEC pathogroup encompasses a heterogeneous group of E. coli strains, harboring genes encoding for Afa/Dr adhesins that are capable of causing diarrhea illness in otherwise healthy individuals. Afa/Dr family includes Afa, Dr, and F1845 adhesins that are encoded by the afa/dra/daa operons, respectively. Afa/Dr adhesins bind to cell receptors human decay-accelerating factor (hDAF) and carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecules (hCEACAMs), inducing receptor clustering and finger-like cell projections, resulting in bacteria embedding without complete internalization. DAEC infection also causes damages on epithelial cells, including loss of microvilli structure, impaired enzyme activities of functional brush border-associated proteins, and loss of adherens junctions, in an Afa/Dr-dependent fashion. Diarrhea prevalence studies among Latin American children have confirmed that DAEC diarrhea illness susceptibility is age-related and DAEC-diarrhea risk increases with children’s age. DAEC was the most prevalent DEC identified from children with acute diarrhea attending a hospital rehydration unit and an Emergency Room service in Mexico and US, respectively. In adults, DAEC was identified in travelers’ diarrhea patients who visited Latin America and from HIV-positive patients with diarrhea from Peru. Recently, DAEC strains carrying virulence genes associated with pathogenesis, M cell translocation, angiogenesis, and genotoxicity were isolated from patients with inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. DAEC is a bacterial pathogen that induces unique alterations on epithelial cells, resulting in diarrhea illness and epithelia damage that may also contribute to the development of other intestinal diseases.

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Acknowledgments

CONACYT scholarship 368026 to M M-S. We thank Diego Meza Segura for realization of drawings

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  1. Department of Molecular Microbiology, CINVESTAV-IPN, AV. IPN No.2508, Col. Zacatenco, Mexico City, 07360, Mexico

    Mario Meza-Segura & Teresa Estrada-Garcia

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  1. Mario Meza-Segura
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  2. Teresa Estrada-Garcia
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Correspondence to Teresa Estrada-Garcia .

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  1. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA

    Alfredo G. Torres

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Meza-Segura, M., Estrada-Garcia, T. (2016). Diffusely Adherent Escherichia coli . In: Torres, A. (eds) Escherichia coli in the Americas. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45092-6_6

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