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Belgium

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Abstract

In comparative studies, the Belgian juvenile justice system has always been mentioned as one of the most welfare oriented in Europe. Even though in the last few decades several Western European countries have abandoned welfarism and have taken a punitive turn, Belgium does not seem to be heading in that direction. Also after the “modernisation” of the “old” Youth Protection system, in 2006, the age of criminal responsibility remains very high (18 years) and juvenile justice is still underpinned by a mainly protective philosophy. However, because of the complicated Belgian state structure, the growing “hybridisation” of the Belgian juvenile justice system and the huge tensions between theory (law in books) and practice (law in action), it is rather difficult to present the Belgian juvenile justice system and its practice in all its complexity. Therefore this report aims to outline the main features of the Belgian juvenile justice system and must be read as an introductory but critical report on the Belgian juvenile justice system today.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The German community composes the third constitutionally recognised community in Belgium. This is however a quantitatively very small community and will therefor not be discussed in this contibution.

  2. 2.

    In non-delinquent, so-called welfare, cases (problematic behaviour, predelinquency or victim situations) these gender differences are at a general level non-existent since long: boys represent slightly more than half of the cases, whereas girls are involved in less than 50 % of all cases.

  3. 3.

    This specialisation refers to the fact that the juvenile justice judge, even though he or she is an “ordinary” judge of the Tribunal de Première Instance (and so definitely a “jurist”), is also used to handle juvenile cases and shows a specific interest in children’s matters (e.g. by pursuing further training or conferences on children’s matters).

  4. 4.

    In fact, the Youth Court transfers the case to the public prosecutor, who—theoretically—can still dismiss the case or propose mediation. In practice, this only happens sporadically, because as a rule, it is the public prosecutor who requests the transfer.

  5. 5.

    http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/crc/docs/CRC.C.GC.10.pdf.

  6. 6.

    www.steunpuntjeugdhulp.be.

  7. 7.

    Sections d’Accompagnement, de Mobilisation Intensifs et d’Observation.

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Dumortier, E., Christiaens, J., Nuytiens, A. (2017). Belgium. In: Decker, S., Marteache, N. (eds) International Handbook of Juvenile Justice. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45090-2_12

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