Abstract
Smart grid (SG) concept is introduced to achieve a sustainable, secure, and environmentally-friendly power system by using new elements such as distributed renewable resources, advanced metering infrastructure, and modern transportation in terms of electric vehicle (EV) utilization [1, 2]. In recent years, the U.S. government targets to increase the penetration of modern EVs[3]. From a critical point of view, utilizing large number of EVs connected to the future power grid may threaten the reliability and stability of power grid [4, 5]. The society of automotive engineers (SAE) established some standards about the utilization of EVs including SAE J2847 which institutes requirements and specifications for communication between EVs and power system. This standard specifies interactions between EVs and power system operators [6]. According to [1], from the utilities perspective, it is not elaborately specified whether EV utilization in terms of vehicle to grid (V2G) is cost-effective [7]. In [8], the authors introduced a comparison between direct and deterministic communication structure and proposed an aggregative command transmit architecture considering three influential factors, reliability, availability, and participating EVs in ancillary services.
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Notes
- 1.
Running maximum M t of the Brownian Motion process B t is a random process which has the following cumulative density function at the arbitrary time t > 0 (σ 2 represents the variance of process B t ): \(F_{M_{t}}(m) = \mbox{ erf}\left ( \frac{m} {\sqrt{2t\sigma ^{2}}} \right )\) for every m ≥ 0.
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Boroojeni, K.G., Amini, M.H., Iyengar, S.S. (2017). Mobile User Data Privacy. In: Smart Grids: Security and Privacy Issues. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45050-6_7
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