Abstract
Vector Field Topology describes the asymptotic behavior of a flow in a vector field, i.e., the behavior for an integration time converging to infinity. For some applications, a segmentation of the flow in areas of similar behavior for a finite integration time is desired. We introduce an approach for a finite-time segmentation of a steady 2D vector field which avoids the systematic evaluation of the flow map in the whole flow domain. Instead, we consider the separatrices of the topological skeleton and provide them with additional information on how the separation evolves at each point with ongoing integration time. We analyze this behavior and its distribution along a separatrix, and we provide a visual encoding for it. The result is an augmented topological skeleton. We demonstrate the approach on several artificial and simulated vector fields.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bhatia, H., Pascucci, V., Kirby, R.M., Bremer, P.: Extracting features from time-dependent vector fields using internal reference frames. Comput. Graphics Forum 33(3), 21–30 (2014)
de Leeuw, W.C., van Liere, R.: Collapsing flow topology using area metrics. In: IEEE Visualization, pp. 349–354. IEEE, New York (1999)
de Leeuw, W.C., van Liere, R.: Visualization of global flow structures using multiple levels of topology. In: VisSym, pp. 45–52 (1999)
Garth, C., Gerhardt, F., Tricoche, X., Hagen, H.: Efficient computation and visualization of coherent structures in fluid flow applications. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 13(6), 1464–1471 (2007)
Garth, C., Li, G.S., Tricoche, X., Hansen, C.D., Hagen, H.: Visualization of coherent structures in transient 2d flows. In: Hege, H.C., Polthier, K., Scheuermann, G. (eds.) Topology-Based Methods in Visualization II, pp. 1–13. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2009)
Globus, A., Levit, C., Lasinski, T.: A tool for visualizing the topology of three-dimensional vector fields. In: IEEE Visualization, pp. 33–41. IEEE, New York (1991)
Haller, G.: Distinguished material surfaces and coherent structures in three-dimensional fluid flows. Phys. D 149, 248–277 (2001)
Haller, G.: Lagrangian coherent structures from approximate velocity data. Phys. Fluids 14(6), 1851–1861 (2002)
Haller, G., Yuan, G.: Lagrangian coherent structures and mixing in two-dimensional turbulence. Phys. Fluids 147(3–4), 352–370 (2000)
Helman, J., Hesselink, L.: Representation and display of vector field topology in fluid flow data sets. IEEE Comput. 22(8), 27–36 (1989)
Helman, J., Hesselink, L.: Visualizing vector field topology in fluid flows. IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. 11(3), 36–46 (1991)
Kasten, J., Petz, C., Hotz, I., Noack, B.R., Hege, H.: Localized finite-time Lyapunov exponent for unsteady flow analysis. In: Proceedings of the Vision, Modeling, and Visualization Workshop 2009, November 16–18, 2009, Braunschweig, pp. 265–276 (2009)
Laramee, R.S., Hauser, H., Zhao, L., Post, F.H.: Topology-based flow visualization, the state of the art. In: Hauser, H., Hagen, H., Theisel, H. (eds.) Topology-Based Methods in Visualization, pp. 1–19. Springer, Berlin (2007)
Lekien, F., Coulliette, C., Mariano, A.J., Ryan, E.H., Shay, L.K., Haller, G., Marsden, J.E.: Pollution release tied to invariant manifolds: a case study for the coast of Florida. Phys. D 210(1–2), 1–20 (2005)
Lipinski, D., Mohensi, K.: A ridge tracking algorithm and error estimate for efficient computation of Lagrangian coherent structures. Chaos 20(1), 017504 (2010)
Lodha, S.K., Renteria, J.C., Roskin, K.M.: Topology preserving compression of 2d vector fields. In: IEEE Visualization, pp. 343–350. IEEE, New York (2000)
Lodha, S.K., Faaland, N.M., Renteria, J.C.: Topology preserving top-down compression of 2d vector fields using bintree and triangular quadtrees. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 9(4), 433–442 (2003)
Mahrous, K., Bennett, J., Hamann, B., Joy, K.I.: Improving topological segmentation of three-dimensional vector fields. In: VisSym - Symposium on Visualization, pp. 203–212 (2003)
Mahrous, K., Bennett, J., Scheuermann, G., Hamann, B., Joy, K.I.: Topological segmentation in three-dimensional vector fields. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 10(2), 198–205 (2004)
Pobitzer, A., Peikert, R., Fuchs, R., Schindler, B., Kuhn, A., Theisel, H., Matkovic, K., Hauser, H.: The state of the art in topology-based visualization of unsteady flow. Comput. Graphics Forum 30(6), 1789–1811 (2011)
Pobitzer, A., Peikert, R., Fuchs, R., Theisel, H., Hauser, H.: Filtering of FTLE for visualizing spatial separation in unsteady 3d flow. In: Peikert, R., Hauser, H., Carr, H., Fuchs, R. (eds.) Topological Methods in Data Analysis and Visualization II: Theory, Algorithms, and Applications, pp. 237–253. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2012)
Sadlo, F.: Lyapunov time for 2D Lagrangian visualization. In: Bennett, J., Vivodtzev, F., Pascucci, V. (eds.) Topological and Statistical Methods for Complex Data: Tackling Large-Scale, High-Dimensional, and Multivariate Data Spaces, pp. 167–181. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2015)
Sadlo, F., Peikert, R.: Efficient visualization of Lagrangian coherent structures by filtered AMR ridge extraction. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 13(6), 1456–1463 (2007)
Sadlo, F., Peikert, R.: Visualizing Lagrangian coherent structures and comparison to vector field topology. In: Hege, H.C., Polthier, K., Scheuermann, G. (eds.) Topology-Based Methods in Visualization II, pp. 15–29. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2009)
Sadlo, F., Weiskopf, D.: Time-dependent 2D vector field topology: An approach inspired by Lagrangian coherent structures. Comput. Graphics Forum 29(1), 88–100 (2010)
Sadlo, F., Rigazzi, A., Peikert, R.: Time-dependent visualization of Lagrangian coherent structures by grid advection. In: Pascucci, V., Tricoche, X., Hagen, H., Tierny, J. (eds.) Topological Methods in Data Analysis and Visualization: Theory, Algorithms, and Applications, pp. 151–165. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2011)
Scheuermann, G., Krüger, H., Menzel, M., Rockwood, A.P.: Visualizing nonlinear vector field topology. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 4(2), 109–116 (1998)
Shadden, S.C., Lekien, F., Marsden, J.E.: Definition and properties of Lagrangian coherent structures from finite-time Lyapunov exponents in two-dimensional aperiodic flows. Phys. D 212, 271–304 (2005)
Shadden, S.C., Lekien, F., Paduan, J.D., Chavez, F.P., Marsden, J.E.: The correlation between surface drifters and coherent structures based on high-frequency radar data in monterey bay. Deep-Sea Res. II Top. Stud. Oceanogr. 56(3–5), 161–172 (2009)
Stalling, D., Westerhoff, M., Hege, H.: Amira: a highly interactive system for visual data analysis. In: The Visualization Handbook, pp. 749–767. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2005)
Theisel, H.: Designing 2d vector fields of arbitrary topology. Comput. Graphics Forum 21(3), 595–604 (2002)
Theisel, H., Rössl, C., Seidel, H.: Compression of 2d vector fields under guaranteed topology preservation. Comput. Graphics Forum 22(3), 333–342 (2003)
Theisel, H., Weinkauf, T., Hege, H., Seidel, H.: Saddle connectors - an approach to visualizing the topological skeleton of complex 3d vector fields. In: IEEE Visualization, pp. 225–232. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC (2003)
Tricoche, X., Scheuermann, G., Hagen, H.: A topology simplification method for 2d vector fields. In: IEEE Visualization, pp. 359–366. IEEE, New York (2000)
Tricoche, X., Scheuermann, G., Hagen, H.: Continuous topology simplification of planar vector fields. In: IEEE Visualization, pp. 159–166. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC (2001)
Üffinger, M., Sadlo, F., Ertl, T.: A time-dependent vector field topology based on streak surfaces. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 19(3), 379–392 (2013)
Weinkauf, T.: Extraction of topological structures in 2d and 3d vector fields. Ph.D. thesis, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg (2008)
Weinkauf, T., Theisel, H., Hege, H., Seidel, H.: Boundary switch connectors for topological visualization of complex 3d vector fields. In: VisSym, pp. 183–192. Eurographics Association, Goslar (2004)
Weinkauf, T., Theisel, H., Hege, H., Seidel, H.: Topological construction and visualization of higher order 3d vector fields. Comput. Graphics Forum 23(3), 469–478 (2004)
Weldon, M., Peacock, T., Jacobs, G.B., Helu, M., Haller, G.: Experimental and numerical investigation of the kinematic theory of unsteady separation. J. Fluid Mech. 611, 1–11 (2008)
Westermann, R., Johnson, C.R., Ertl, T.: Topology-preserving smoothing of vector fields. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 7(3), 222–229 (2001)
Wiebel, A., Garth, C., Scheuermann, G.: Computation of localized flow for steady and unsteady vector fields and its applications. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 13(4), 641–651 (2007)
Wischgoll, T., Scheuermann, G.: Detection and visualization of closed streamlines in planar flows. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 7(2), 165–172 (2001)
Acknowledgements
We wish to thank Niklas Röber and Michael Böttinger from the DKRZ for providing the South Pacific ocean dataset, as well as Tobias Günther for his general support.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Friederici, A., Rössl, C., Theisel, H. (2017). Finite Time Steady 2D Vector Field Topology. In: Carr, H., Garth, C., Weinkauf, T. (eds) Topological Methods in Data Analysis and Visualization IV. TopoInVis 2015. Mathematics and Visualization. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44684-4_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44684-4_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-44682-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-44684-4
eBook Packages: Mathematics and StatisticsMathematics and Statistics (R0)