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Sports-Related Oral and Dentoalveolar Trauma: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Emergent Care

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Modern Sports Dentistry

Part of the book series: Textbooks in Contemporary Dentistry ((TECD))

Abstract

Dentoalveolar trauma, damage from trauma to the teeth and surrounding structures, is a major focus of modern sports dentistry. This chapter will examine the pathophysiology and mechanisms of dental trauma, review the principles of wound healing, describe classification of the various types of dental trauma both by anatomic location and by treatment urgency, explain proper examination and diagnosis of dental trauma to include current 3D imaging to assess dental trauma, and review emergent care of injuries to the dental hard tissue, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone as well as the oral soft tissues. Dental trauma is an acute condition of the oral cavity and as such there is no chance to prepare as we do in elective dental procedures. Appropriate materials, for quick access are helpful in emergency treatment planning, as well as a thorough yearly review of dental trauma diagnosis and treatment. Proper emergency care can mean the difference between success and failure in the management of dental trauma. We will also review and dispel a number of common misconceptions when it comes to treatment of dentoalveolar trauma that often lead to improper treatment, especially in the areas of complex crown fractures, root fractures, and tooth avulsion.

Common misconceptions:

  1. 1.

    Every traumatic pulp exposure requires endodontic treatment.

  2. 2.

    Teeth with root fractures in the middle and apical 1/3 of a root need to be extracted.

  3. 3.

    Sixty minutes of dry time in the case of an avulsed tooth is a magic number in prediction of regeneration or repair in healing.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (GPR), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    Mark Roettger

  2. Comprehensive Care Group, ATSU Missouri School of Dentistry and Oral Health, St Louis, MO, USA

    Matthew Greaves

  3. Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, Division of Oral Medicine, Diagnosis and Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    Mansur Ahmad

  4. Private Practice in Orthodontics, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    Vladamir Leon-Salazaar

  5. Department of Orthodontics, University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry, Detroit, MI, USA

    Vladamir Leon-Salazaar

  6. Division of Orthodontics, University of Alberta School of Dentistry, Edmonton, AB, Canada

    Vladamir Leon-Salazaar

Authors
  1. Mark Roettger
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  2. Matthew Greaves
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  3. Mansur Ahmad
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  4. Vladamir Leon-Salazaar
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mark Roettger .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Oral Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    Mark Roettger

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Roettger, M., Greaves, M., Ahmad, M., Leon-Salazaar, V. (2018). Sports-Related Oral and Dentoalveolar Trauma: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Emergent Care. In: Roettger, M. (eds) Modern Sports Dentistry. Textbooks in Contemporary Dentistry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44416-1_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44416-1_3

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-44414-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-44416-1

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