Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Ultrasound Characteristics of Non-endocrine Cervical Pathology

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Advanced Thyroid and Parathyroid Ultrasound

  • 1998 Accesses

Abstract

Ultrasound in the head and neck has utility beyond evaluation of thyroid and parathyroid disorders. It offers a low-cost method of evaluating congenital lesions like branchial cleft anomalies, dysontogenetic cysts, and thyroglossal duct cysts. Given that these lesions are often found in younger patients, ultrasound has the advantage of not exposing the patient to ionizing radiation and does not require sedation as might sometimes be required with MRI. Ultrasound can also be a useful modality in evaluating benign neoplastic lesions of the head and neck such as lipomas, schwannomas, benign salivary gland tumors, and vascular anomalies. Though it is often not the most common modality used, malignant non-thyroid lesions, including squamous cell carcinoma—the most common metastatic neck mass—lymphoma, and salivary gland malignancies, are also easily evaluated with ultrasound. Inflammatory conditions such as sarcoidosis and sialadenitis and acquired conditions like laryngoceles can also be adequately evaluated with ultrasound.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Gaddikeri S, Vattoth S, Gaddikeri RS, Stuart R, Harrison K, Young D, et al. Congenital cystic neck masses: embryology and imaging appearances, with clinicopathological correlation. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 2014;43(2):55–67.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Gritzmann N, Hollerweger A, Macheiner P, Rettenbacher T. Sonography of soft tissue masses of the neck. J Clin Ultrasound. 2002;30(6):356–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Hong HS, Lee EH, Jeong SH, Park J, Lee H. Ultrasonography of various thyroid diseases in children and adolescents: a pictorial essay. Korean J Radiol. 2015;16(2):419–29.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Oyewumi M, Inarejos E, Greer ML, Hassouneh B, Campisi P, Forte V, et al. Ultrasound to differentiate thyroglossal duct cysts and dermoid cysts in children. Laryngoscope. 2015;125(4):998–1003.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Chou J, Walters A, Hage R, Zurada A, Michalak M, Tubbs RS, et al. Thyroglossal duct cysts: anatomy, embryology and treatment. Surg Radiol Anat. 2013;35(10):875–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Sidell DR, Shapiro NL. Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography for midline neck masses in children. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2011;144(3):431–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Ibrahim M, Hammoud K, Maheshwari M, Pandya A. Congenital cystic lesions of the head and neck. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2011;21(3):621–39. viii.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Rahbar R, Vogel A, Myers LB, Bulich LA, Wilkins-Haug L, Benson CB, et al. Fetal surgery in otolaryngology: a new era in the diagnosis and management of fetal airway obstruction because of advances in prenatal imaging. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005;131(5):393–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Valentino M, Quiligotti C, Carone L. Branchial cleft cyst. J Ultrasound. 2013;16(1):17–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. DiDomenico P, Middleton W. Sonographic evaluation of palpable superficial masses. Radiol Clin North Am. 2014;52(6):1295–305.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Averill LW, Acikgoz G, Miller RE, Kandula VV, Epelman M. Update on pediatric leukemia and lymphoma imaging. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2013;34(6):578–99.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Ashraf M, Biswas J, Jha J, Nayak S, Singh V, Majumdar S, et al. Clinical utility and prospective comparison of ultrasonography and computed tomography imaging in staging of neck metastases in head and neck squamous cell cancer in an Indian setup. Int J Clin Oncol. 2011;16(6):686–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Shetty D, Jayade BV, Joshi SK, Gopalkrishnan K. Accuracy of palpation, ultrasonography, and computed tomography in the evaluation of metastatic cervical lymph nodes in head and neck cancer. Indian J Dent. 2015;6(3):121–4.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Dragoni F, Cartoni C, Pescarmona E, Chiarotti F, Puopolo M, Orsi E, et al. The role of high resolution pulsed and color Doppler ultrasound in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant lymphadenopathy: results of multivariate analysis. Cancer. 1999;85(11):2485–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Ying M, Ahuja A, Metreweli C. Diagnostic accuracy of sonographic criteria for evaluation of cervical lymphadenopathy. J Ultrasound Med. 1998;17(7):437–45.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Rosario PW, de Faria S, Bicalho L, Alves MF, Borges MA, Purisch S, et al. Ultrasonographic differentiation between metastatic and benign lymph nodes in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma. J Ultrasound Med. 2005;24(10):1385–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Ahuja A, Ying M. Sonography of neck lymph nodes. Part II: abnormal lymph nodes. Clin Radiol. 2003;58(5):359–66.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Dash GI, Kimmelman CP. Head and neck manifestations of sarcoidosis. Laryngoscope. 1988;98(1):50–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Garwood S, Judson MA, Silvestri G, Hoda R, Fraig M, Doelken P. Endobronchial ultrasound for the diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis. Chest. 2007;132(4):1298–304.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Koischwitz D, Gritzmann N. Ultrasound of the neck. Radiol Clin North Am. 2000;38(5):1029–45.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Teymoortash A, Werner JA. Parotid gland involvement in sarcoidosis: sonographic features. J Clin Ultrasound. 2009;37(9):507–10.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Martinoli C, Derchi LE, Solbiati L, Rizzatto G, Silvestri E, Giannoni M. Color Doppler sonography of salivary glands. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1994;163(4):933–41.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. James DG, Sharma OP. Parotid gland sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis. 2000;17(1):27–32.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Fischer T, Filimonow S, Petersein J, Zimmer C, Beyersdorff D, Guski H. Diagnosis of Heerfordt’s syndrome by state-of-the-art ultrasound in combination with parotid biopsy: a case report. Eur Radiol. 2002;12(1):134–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Oki M, Saka H, Kitagawa C, Kogure Y, Murata N, Ichihara S, et al. Prospective study of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration of lymph nodes versus transbronchial lung biopsy of lung tissue for diagnosis of sarcoidosis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2012;143(6):1324–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Wong M, Yasufuku K, Nakajima T, Herth FJ, Sekine Y, Shibuya K, et al. Endobronchial ultrasound: new insight for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Eur Respir J. 2007;29(6):1182–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Lohela P, Tikkakoski T, Strengell L, Mikkola S, Koskinen S, Suramo I. Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology of non-palpable supraclavicular lymph nodes in sarcoidosis. Acta Radiol. 1996;37(6):896–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Sigismund PE, Bozzato A, Schumann M, Koch M, Iro H, Zenk J. Management of ranula: 9 years’ clinical experience in pediatric and adult patients. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2013;71(3):538–44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Jain P, Jain R, Morton RP, Ahmad Z. Plunging ranulas: high-resolution ultrasound for diagnosis and surgical management. Eur Radiol. 2010;20(6):1442–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Baatenburg de Jong RJ, Rongen RJ, Lameris JS, Knegt P, Verwoerd CD. Ultrasound in the diagnosis of laryngoceles. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 1993;55(5):290–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Conkbayir I, Keyik B, Hekimoglu K, Cifci E, Yanik B. Trumpet maneuver in the sonographic diagnosis of an external laryngocele. J Clin Ultrasound. 2010;38(1):56–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Spiro RH. Salivary neoplasms: overview of a 35-year experience with 2,807 patients. Head Neck Surg. 1986;8(3):177–84.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Katz P, Hartl DM, Guerre A. Clinical ultrasound of the salivary glands. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2009;42(6):973–1000. Table of Contents.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Fodor D, Pop S, Maniu A, Cosgaria M. Gray scale and Doppler ultrasonography of the benign tumors of parotid gland (pleomorphic adenoma and Warthin’s tumor) Pictorial essay. Med Ultrason. 2010;12(3):238–44.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Yuan WH, Hsu HC, Chou YH, Hsueh HC, Tseng TK, Tiu CM. Gray-scale and color Doppler ultrasonographic features of pleomorphic adenoma and Warthin’s tumor in major salivary glands. Clin Imaging. 2009;33(5):348–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Shimizu M, Ussmuller J, Hartwein J, Donath K. A comparative study of sonographic and histopathologic findings of tumorous lesions in the parotid gland. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1999;88(6):723–37.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Kim J, Kim EK, Park CS, Choi YS, Kim YH, Choi EC. Characteristic sonographic findings of Warthin’s tumor in the parotid gland. J Clin Ultrasound. 2004;32(2):78–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Wu S, Liu G, Chen R, Guan Y. Role of ultrasound in the assessment of benignity and malignancy of parotid masses. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2012;41(2):131–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  39. Ching AS, Ahuja AT, King AD, Tse GM, Metreweli C. Comparison of the sonographic features of acalculous and calculous submandibular sialadenitis. J Clin Ultrasound. 2001;29(6):332–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Nusem-Horowitz S, Wolf M, Coret A, Kronenberg J. Acute suppurative parotitis and parotid abscess in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 1995;32(2):123–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Terraz S, Poletti PA, Dulguerov P, Dfouni N, Becker CD, Marchal F, et al. How reliable is sonography in the assessment of sialolithiasis? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2013;201(1):W104–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Bradus RJ, Hybarger P, Gooding GA. Parotid gland: US findings in Sjogren syndrome. Work in progress. Radiology. 1988;169(3):749–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 770 Bay Street, Suite 2504, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G0A6

    Caitlin P. McMullen M.D.

  2. Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, 600 University Avenue, Rm 401, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G1X5

    Caitlin P. McMullen M.D. & Jeremy L. Freeman M.D., F.R.C.S., F.A.C.S.

  3. Department of Surgery, Division of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC Box 3805, Durham, NC, 27710, USA

    Daniel Rocke M.D., J.D.

  4. 33 Charles St E, #1611, Toronto, ON, Canada, M4Y 0A2

    Jean-François Cléroux M.D., F.R.C.P.C.

  5. Jt Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network – Mt Sinai Hospital – Women’s College Hospital, University of Toronto, 1PMB-283, 585 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 2N2

    Jean-François Cléroux M.D., F.R.C.P.C. & Sangeet Ghai M.D., F.R.C.R.

Authors
  1. Caitlin P. McMullen M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Daniel Rocke M.D., J.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jean-François Cléroux M.D., F.R.C.P.C.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Sangeet Ghai M.D., F.R.C.R.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jeremy L. Freeman M.D., F.R.C.S., F.A.C.S.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Caitlin P. McMullen M.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery and the Endocrinology & Metabolism Institute, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Banner - University Medical Center Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, USA

    Mira Milas

  2. Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    Susan J. Mandel

  3. Department of Radiology, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    Jill E. Langer

1 Electronic Supplementary Material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

This is a typical axial ultrasound view of a thyroglossal duct cyst. This midline lesion has well-defined borders and is uniformly hypoechoic (MP4 1680 kb)

This uniform, hypoechoic lesion sits just under the sternocleidomastoid muscle and represents a brachial cleft cyst (MP4 3989 kb)

This regular, isoechoic lesion is typical of a schwannoma (MP4 1214 kb)

This axial ultrasound view of a hemangioma demonstrates a relatively superficial, mixed iso- to hyperechoic lesion (MP4 787 kb)

This video demonstrates classic features of salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma. The lesion is lobular and hypoechoic and demonstrates posterior enhancement (MP4 2003 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

McMullen, C.P., Rocke, D., Cléroux, JF., Ghai, S., Freeman, J.L. (2017). Ultrasound Characteristics of Non-endocrine Cervical Pathology. In: Milas, M., Mandel, S.J., Langer, J.E. (eds) Advanced Thyroid and Parathyroid Ultrasound. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44100-9_23

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44100-9_23

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-44098-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-44100-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation