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Volume Assessment in Heart Failure

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Book cover Short Stay Management of Acute Heart Failure

Part of the book series: Contemporary Cardiology ((CONCARD))

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Abstract

Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) represents a heterogeneous group of disorders with various etiologies, and the optimal treatments for each disorder may be different, based on volume and perfusion status. History and physical exam findings such as orthopnea, lower extremity edema, and pulmonary rales are recommended by guidelines, but may have limited accuracy. Biomarkers such as BNP may also aid in the diagnosis of volume overload. Noninvasive measures, such as chest radiography or phonocardiography, may also have limited use. We will also discuss the currently available literature on newer modalities, such as ultrasound measurement of inferior vena cava diameter (IVCd) and bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA).

In the emergency department (ED), a myriad of diagnoses may present similarly. For example, heart failure (HF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pulmonary embolism may all present as shortness of breath. To further cloud the picture, acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) represents a heterogeneous group of disorders with various etiologies, and the optimal treatments for each disorder may be different, based on volume and perfusion status. Accurate volume assessment is paramount in the ED for the diagnosis of heart failure.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Anna Marie Chang MD, MSCE

  2. Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ, USA

    Alfred B. Cheng

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  1. Anna Marie Chang MD, MSCE
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  2. Alfred B. Cheng
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Correspondence to Anna Marie Chang MD, MSCE .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, HOUSTON, Texas, USA

    W. Frank Peacock

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Chang, A.M., Cheng, A.B. (2017). Volume Assessment in Heart Failure. In: Peacock, W. (eds) Short Stay Management of Acute Heart Failure. Contemporary Cardiology. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44006-4_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44006-4_10

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  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-44005-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-44006-4

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