Abstract
Starting in the 1930s, the Brazilian economy and society embarked on a major transformation from agricultural to industrial. As a result, cities in the southern states, where most industries were located, began to expand at high rates. Between 1950 and 2000, the urban population ballooned from 19 million to 161 million (80 % of the total). Thus Brazil turned into a highly urbanized nation. The pace of urbanization was particularly fast between 1960 and 1980 and resulted in 48 million additional people in the nine largest metropolises (Table 2.1).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
ANTP—Associação Nacional de Transportes Públicos (2015) Sistema de Informação da Mobilidade (SIMOB), Relatório geral 2013, São Paulo. www.antp.org.br
BRT Rio (2015) www.brtrio.com. Accessed 18 Dec 2015
CAF—Banco de Desarrollo de América Latina (2010) OMU—Observatorio de Movilidad Urbana. Reporte 2010, Caracas. www.caf.com
IBGE, Censo populacional do Brasil (2010), Brasília
CET—Cia de Engenharia de Tráfego (2010) Desempenho do Sistema Viário Principal (several yearly reports), São Paulo
Cetesb—Cia de Tecnologia Ambiental (2014) Relatório da Qualidade do ar na RMSP, São Paulo
CMSP—Cia do Metropolitano de São Paulo (2007) Pesquisa Origem-destino de 2007, São Paulo
Friberg L (2000) Innovative solutions for public transport; Curitiba, Brazil. Sustain Dev Int 153:156
IBGE (2009) PNAD—pesquisa por amostra domiciliar, Brasília
IPEA/ANTP (1998) Redução das deseconomias urbanas com a melhoria do transporte público. Relatório final, Brasília
Koch J, Lindau LA, Nassi CD (2013) Transportation in the Favelas of Rio de Janeiro. Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, Boston
Meny Y, Thoenig J-C (1990) Politiques publiques. Coll. “Thémis”. Presses universitaires de France, Paris, 391 p
NTU (2005) Novas tendências em políticas tarifárias, Brasilia
Nunes E (1982) Inventário de quebra-quebras nos trens e ônibus em São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro, 1977–1981. In: VÁRIOS. Cidade, povo e poder, vol 5. CEDEC/Paz e Terra, Rio de Janeiro, pp 92–108
Orrico RA (1999) Hegemonia privada, da capital do bonde ao ônibus no Rio de Janeiro. In: Brasileiro A, Henry E (eds) Viação Ilimitada—ônibus das cidades brasileiras. Cultura, São Paulo, pp 410–430
Vasconcellos EA (1997a) The making of the middle class city. Environ Plan A 29(2):293–310
Vasconcellos EA (1997b) The demand for cars in developing countries. Transp Res A 31(3):245–258
Vasconcellos EA (2005) Transport metabolism, social diversity and equity: the case of São Paulo, Brazil. J Transp Geogr 13(4):329–339
Vasconcellos EA (2013) Políticas de Transporte no Brasil—a construção da mobilidade excludente. Manole, São Paulo
Vormittag E (2013) Nota Técnica do Instituto Saúde e Sustentabilidade de 11 de novembro de 2013, São Paulo
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Vasconcellos, E.A. (2017). Brazil. In: Pojani, D., Stead, D. (eds) The Urban Transport Crisis in Emerging Economies. The Urban Book Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43851-1_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43851-1_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-43849-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-43851-1
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)