Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Emerging Novel Non-invasive Imaging

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Lentigo Maligna Melanoma

  • 659 Accesses

Abstract

The diagnosis of melanoma, especially lentigo maligna (LM) occurring on sun-damaged skin, can be quite challenging. Diagnosing and treating melanoma at its earliest stage is key to preventing invasion and spread. While dermoscopy aids in clinical detection, skin biopsy still remains the gold standard for diagnosis. Broad lesions, sampling bias, cosmetically sensitive areas, and trailing edges of melanocytes may all contribute to difficulty in the histopathological diagnosis of LM with traditional biopsy techniques. Non-invasive imaging tools are an exciting prospect to augment the diagnosis of lentigo maligna and provide a real time, in-vivo look at the skin. The current state of non-invasive cutaneous imaging along with the advantages and limitations of such will be discussed herein. With increasing depth of penetration and image resolution we may be approaching a renaissance of cutaneous melanoma imaging.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Nadiminti H, et al. Use of reflectance confocal microscopy to monitor response of lentigo maligna to nonsurgical treatment. Dermatol Surg. 2010;36(2):177–84.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Busam KJ, et al. Detection of clinically amelanotic malignant melanoma and assessment of its margins by in vivo confocal scanning laser microscopy. Arch Dermatol. 2001;137(7):923–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Chen CS, et al. Multimodal in vivo optical imaging, including confocal microscopy, facilitates presurgical margin mapping for clinically complex lentigo maligna melanoma. Br J Dermatol. 2005;153(5):1031–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Guitera P, et al. The impact of in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy on the diagnostic accuracy of lentigo maligna and equivocal pigmented and nonpigmented macules of the face. J Invest Dermatol. 2010;130(8):2080–91.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Guitera P, et al. In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy enhances secondary evaluation of melanocytic lesions. J Invest Dermatol. 2009;129(1):131–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Langley RG, et al. The diagnostic accuracy of in vivo confocal scanning laser microscopy compared to dermoscopy of benign and malignant melanocytic lesions: a prospective study. Dermatology. 2007;215(4):365–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Pellacani G, et al. The impact of in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy for the diagnostic accuracy of melanoma and equivocal melanocytic lesions. J Invest Dermatol. 2007;127(12):2759–65.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Chen CS, et al. Confocal microscopy-guided laser ablation for superficial and early nodular Basal cell carcinoma: a promising surgical alternative for superficial skin cancers. JAMA Dermatol. 2014;150(9):994–8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Kose K, et al. Video-mosaicing of reflectance confocal images for examination of extended areas of skin in vivo. Br J Dermatol. 2014;171(5):1239–41.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Richtig E, et al. Assessment of changes in lentigo maligna during radiotherapy by in-vivo reflectance confocal microscopy - a pilot study. Br J Dermatol. 2015;172(1):81–7.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Guitera P, et al. Improving management and patient care in lentigo maligna by mapping with in vivo confocal microscopy. JAMA Dermatol. 2013;149(6):692–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Alarcon I, et al. In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy to monitor the response of lentigo maligna to imiquimod. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014;71(1):49–55.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Alarcon I, et al. Clinical usefulness of reflectance confocal microscopy in the management of facial lentigo maligna melanoma. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2014;105(3):e13–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Guitera P, et al. Surveillance for treatment failure of lentigo maligna with dermoscopy and in vivo confocal microscopy: new descriptors. Br J Dermatol. 2014;170(6):1305–12.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Pralong P, et al. Dermoscopy of lentigo maligna melanoma: report of 125 cases. Br J Dermatol. 2012;167(2):280–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Akay BN, et al. Dermatoscopy of flat pigmented facial lesions: diagnostic challenge between pigmented actinic keratosis and lentigo maligna. Br J Dermatol. 2010;163(6):1212–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Pellacani G, Cesinaro AM, Seidenari S. Reflectance-mode confocal microscopy of pigmented skin lesions--improvement in melanoma diagnostic specificity. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005;53(6):979–85.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Segura S, et al. Development of a two-step method for the diagnosis of melanoma by reflectance confocal microscopy. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009;61(2):216–29.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Stanganelli I, et al. Integration of reflectance confocal microscopy in sequential dermoscopy follow-up improves melanoma detection accuracy. Br J Dermatol. 2015;172(2):365–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. de Carvalho N, et al. Reflectance confocal microscopy correlates of dermoscopic patterns of facial lesions help to discriminate lentigo maligna from pigmented nonmelanocytic macules. Br J Dermatol. 2015;173(1):128–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Ahlgrimm-Siess V, et al. Reflectance confocal microscopy of facial lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma: a preliminary study. Br J Dermatol. 2009;161(6):1307–16.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Alani A, Ahmad K. Diagnosis of Amelanotic Lentigo Maligna by Using In vivo Reflectance Confocal Microscopy. 2015. Acta Derm Venereol.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Menge TD, et al. Concordance of handheld reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) with histopathology in the diagnosis of lentigo maligna (LM): a prospective study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015;74(6):1114–20.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Stevenson AD, et al. Systematic review of diagnostic accuracy of reflectance confocal microscopy for melanoma diagnosis in patients with clinically equivocal skin lesions. Dermatol Pract Concept. 2013;3(4):19–27.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  25. Agarwal-Antal N, Bowen GM, Gerwels JW. Histologic evaluation of lentigo maligna with permanent sections: implications regarding current guidelines. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002;47(5):743–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Hazan C, et al. Staged excision for lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma: a retrospective analysis of 117 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;58(1):142–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Hibler BP, et al. Intraoperative real-time reflectance confocal microscopy for guiding surgical margins of lentigo maligna melanoma. Dermatol Surg. 2015;41(8):980–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Fogarty GB, et al. Radiotherapy for lentigo maligna: a literature review and recommendations for treatment. Br J Dermatol. 2014;170(1):52–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Swetter SM, et al. Imiquimod 5% cream as primary or adjuvant therapy for melanoma in situ, lentigo maligna type. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015;72(6):1047–53.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Erfan N, et al. Reflectance confocal microscopy for recurrent lentigo maligna. Dermatol Surg. 2011;37(10):1519–24.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Vano-Galvan S, et al. Dynamic skin changes of acute radiation dermatitis revealed by in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2013;27(9):1143–50.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Hymes SR, Strom EA, Fife C. Radiation dermatitis: clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and treatment 2006. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;54(1):28–46.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Hibler BP, et al. Radiation therapy for synchronous basal cell carcinoma and lentigo maligna of the nose: response assessment by clinical examination and reflectance confocal microscopy. Pract Radiat Oncol. 2015;5(5):e543–7.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Kai AC, et al. 5 year recurrence rate of lentigo maligna after treatment with imiquimod. 2015. Br J Dermatol.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Ferris LK, Harris RJ. New diagnostic aides for melanoma. Dermatol Clin. 2012;30(3):535–45.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  36. Gerger A, et al. Diagnostic applicability of in vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy in melanocytic skin tumors. J Invest Dermatol. 2005;124(3):493–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Farnetani F, et al. Skin cancer diagnosis with reflectance confocal microscopy: reproducibility of feature recognition and accuracy of diagnosis. JAMA Dermatol. 2015;151(10):1075–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Fraga-Braghiroli NA, et al. Use of handheld reflectance confocal microscopy for in vivo diagnosis of solitary facial papules: a case series. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2014;28(7):933–42.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Cinotti E, et al. The role of in vivo confocal microscopy in the diagnosis of eyelid margin tumors: 47 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014;40(3):247–56.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Champin J, et al. In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy to optimize the spaghetti technique for defining surgical margins of lentigo maligna. Dermatol Surg. 2014;40(3):247–56.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Gareau D, et al. Automated detection of malignant features in confocal microscopy on superficial spreading melanoma versus nevi. J Biomed Opt. 2010;15(6):061713.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  42. Moncrieff M, et al. Spectrophotometric intracutaneous analysis: a new technique for imaging pigmented skin lesions. Br J Dermatol. 2002;146(3):448–57.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Emery JD, et al. Accuracy of SIAscopy for pigmented skin lesions encountered in primary care: development and validation of a new diagnostic algorithm. BMC Dermatol. 2010;10:9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  44. Brewer AC, et al. Mobile applications in dermatology. JAMA Dermatol. 2013;149(11):1300–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Wolf JA, et al. Diagnostic inaccuracy of smartphone applications for melanoma detection. JAMA Dermatol. 2013;149(4):422–6.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  46. Kassianos AP, et al. Smartphone applications for melanoma detection by community, patient and generalist clinician users: a review. Br J Dermatol. 2015;172(6):1507–18.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Federal Trade Commission. “Acne Cure” mobile app marketers will drop baseless claims under FTC settlements. 8 Sept 2011; Available from: https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/2011/09/acne-cure-mobile-app-marketers-will-drop-baseless-claims-under.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 16 E. 60th Street 4th Floor, New York, NY, 10022, USA

    Brian P. Hibler MD, Miguel Cordova MD, Milind Rajadhyaksha PhD & Anthony M. Rossi MD

Authors
  1. Brian P. Hibler MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Miguel Cordova MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Milind Rajadhyaksha PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Anthony M. Rossi MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anthony M. Rossi MD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Attending Physician, Director of Mohs and Dermatologic Surgery Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA

    Kishwer S. Nehal

  2. Attending Pathologist Director of Dermatopathology Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA

    Klaus J. Busam

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hibler, B.P., Cordova, M., Rajadhyaksha, M., Rossi, A.M. (2017). Emerging Novel Non-invasive Imaging. In: Nehal, K., Busam, K. (eds) Lentigo Maligna Melanoma. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43787-3_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43787-3_14

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-43785-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-43787-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation