Abstract
Transportation electrification is inevitable driven by rising energy costs, climate and emission control requirements, and availability of petroleum supplies. Even a realistic 10 % electrification of transportation is expected to impact the electricity generation, transmission, and distribution capacities, and hence the world economy. In this chapter, the authors seek to enlighten the reader on electric vehicle usage around the world by discussing their applications, electric vehicle trials, and key learnings from these trials across three continents: America, Europe, and Australia. Special emphasis has been given to discussing the commuting trends across the three continents and how that effects the transition into the electrification of transportation. The chapter continues with an impact analysis of electric vehicles on car users, the power quality of grids, and finally carbon emissions. Finally, examples of charging infrastructure and worldwide vehicle-to-grid applications are reviewed. The chapter concludes with a discussion on the need for interoperable communication standards, as an enabling technology for the management of the transactions between the grid and electric vehicles.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Ustun TS, Zayegh A, Ozansoy C (2013) Electric vehicle potential in Australia: its impact on smartgrids. IEEE Ind Electron Mag 7:15–25
Australian Bureau of Statistics. Motor vehicle census 2013. [cited 2014 10 March]. http://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au. Accessed 31 Jan 2013
Australian Bureau of Statistics. Australian social trends: car nation 2013 [cited 2014 10 March]. http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/
Australian Bureau of Statistics (2012) Waste management, transport and motor vehicle usage use survey
Energy Supply Association of Australia (2013) Sparking an electric vehicle debate in Australia. ESSA, Melbourne
AECOM (2012) Impact of electric vehicles and natural gas vehicles on the energy markets
AECOM (2011) Forecast updake and economic evaluation of electric vehicles in Victoria
CSIRO (2012) Spatial modelling of electric vehicle charging demand and impacts on peak household electrical load in Victoria. CSIRO, Australia
Speidel S, Jabeen F, Olaru D, Harries D, Bräunl T (2012) Analysis of western Australian electric vehicle and charging station trials. Aust Transp Res Forum 1:1–12
Bräunl T (2013) Trial complete: electric vehicles can work in Australia: The conversation. [cited 2014 22 May]. http://theconversation.com/trial-complete-electric-vehicles-can-work-in-australia-18843
Metering.com (2013) Ergon energy trial finds mass uptake of electric vehicles could impact its network. [cited 2014 23 May]. http://www.metering.com/ergon-energy-trial-finds-mass-uptake-of-electric-vehicles-could-impact-its-network/
Royal Flying Doctor Service Magazine (2012) Townsville welcomes state’s first green electric vehicle charging station. http://www.flyingdoctor.org.au/IgnitionSuite/uploads/docs/Flying%20Doctor%20Queensland%20May%202012%20edition.pdf
ABC (2012) New charge point pops up as electric car trial continues. [cited 2014 23 May]. http://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2012/06/14/3525454.htm
Electric vehicle trial: Department of transport, planning and local infrastructure. [cited 2014 15 May]. http://www.transport.vic.gov.au/projects/ev-trial
Department of Transport Planning and Local Infrastructure (2013) Creating a market: victorian electric vehicle trial mid-term report
State Govenment of Victoria (2010) The Victorian electric vehicle trial: results of 2012 applications. Department of Transport, Melbourne
IAE (2013) International energy agency and electric vehicles initiative of the clean energy ministerial, Paris, France
Infield HSaD (2009) The potential of domestic electric vehicle to contribute to grid technology. p 6
European Commission Energy (2011) European Country Co2 emission by 2020
Joint Research Centre-European Commission (2011) Plugging the sustainability gap: boosting the european electric vehicle market
Van Essen H, Kampman B (2011) Impact of electric vehicles—summary report
Frost, Sullivan (2012) 360 Degree perspective of the Central and Eastern Europe electric vehicle industry
Kenworthy J (2003) A study of 84 global cities. Transport energy use and greenhouse gases in urban passenger transport systems
McKenzie B, Koerber W, Fields A, Benetsky M, Rapino M. Commuter-adjusted population estimates: ACS 2006–10. Washington, DC: Journey to Work and Migration Statistics Branch, U.S. Census Bureau.
U.S. Census Bureau. American community survey. 2008–2012
McKenzie B, Rapino M (2011) Commuting in the United States: 2009. American Community Survey Reports
U.S. Census Bureau (2009) American community survey
McKenzie B (2013) Out-of-state and long commutes: 2011. American Community Survey Reports
Administration Bureau of Transportation Statistics (2012) Transportation statistics annual report U.S.A.: U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Innovative Technology
U.S. Census Bureau (2012) Statistical abstract of the United States: 2012
Federal Highway Administration (2009) National Household Travel Survey (NHTS)
Technica C. Southern California edison offers insight into impact of electric vehicles on grid 2013. http://cleantechnica.com/2013/08/13/southern-california-edison-offers-insight-into-impact-of-electric-vehicles-on-grid/
Rahman S (ed) (2011) How can we minimize electric vehicle’s impact on the electric power distribution network. ISGT ASIA, Perth
Kesler M, Kisacikoglu M, Tolbert L (2014) Vehicle-to-grid reactive power operation using plug-in electric vehicle bidirectional off-board charger. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 61:6778–6784
Reiner DR, Cartalos DO, Evrigenis MA, Viljamaa MK (2010) Challenges for a European market for electric vehicles. European Parliament, Directorate General for Internal Policies, Policy Department, Brussels
Shrink That Footprint. Shades of green: electric cars’ carbon emissions around the globe. http://shrinkthatfootprint.com/electric-car-emissions#3oboXAxlpQ8H48UF.99
European Environment Agency (2013) Monitoring CO2 emissions from new passenger cars in the EU: summary of data for 2012
ALPIQ (2010) Electric vehicle market penetration in Switzerland by 2020
Green eMotion [cited 2014 30 May 2014]. http://www.greenemotion-project.eu/home/index.php
CSIRO (2012) Greenhouse gas abatement potential of the Australian transport sector: Australian Low Carbon Transport Forum
Logic J (2014) Tasmanian electric vehicle demonstration concept investigation report. Energy Advisors
Terrence Mader, Thomas Bräunl (2012) Western Australian electric vehicle trial: final report
Department of Energy (2011) One Million electric vehicles by 2015. USA
Union of Concerned Scientists (2012) State of charge: electric vehicles’ global warming emission and fuel-cost savings across the United States
ClipperCreek. http://www.clippercreek.com/store/product/hcs-40-30a-240v-charging-25-cord-3/
Bosch. Electric vehicle solutions. http://www.pluginnow.com/power-max
Percepscion. ChargeIQ. http://percepscion.com/chargeiq/
ChargePoint. http://www.chargepoint.com/
U.S. Department of Energy. Electric avenue, federal fleet success stories
IA-HEV (2013) France-charging infrastructure
Greencar V (2014) Next green car, electric car specialist, UK charging point
Stewart J (2013) Electric cars: a universal plug for all models? BBC. http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20130903-universal-plug-for-electric-cars
Argonne National Laboratory (2012) Electric vehicle-smart grid interoperability center. US Department of Energy. http://web.anl.gov/eesa/pdfs/success_stories/43_Smart_grid_mou_v2.pdf
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) TC 57 (2003) Communication networks and systems in substations—Part 1: Introduction and overview. IEC Standard IEC/TR 61850-1, 1st edn. Geneva
Ozansoy CR, Zayegh A, Kalam A (2007) The real-time publisher/subscriber communication model for distributed substation systems. IEEE Trans Power Delivery 22:1411–1423
Ozansoy CR, Zayegh A, Kalam A (2009) Object modeling of data and DataSets in the international standard IEC 61850. IEEE Trans Power Delivery 24:1140–1147
Ozansoy CR, Zayegh A, Kalam A (2009) The application-view model of the international standard IEC 61850. IEEE Trans Power Delivery 24:1132–1139
Ustun TS, Ozansoy C, Zayegh A (eds) (2011) Distributed Energy Resources (DER) object modeling with IEC 61850-7-420. Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), 2011 21st Australasian, 25–28 Sept 2011
Ustun TS, Ozansoy C, Zayegh A (eds) (2011) Extending IEC 61850-7-420 for distributed generators with fault current limiters. Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Asia (ISGT), 2011 I.E. PES, 13–16 Nov 2011
Schmutzler J, Wietfeld C, Andersen CA (eds) (2012) Distributed energy resource management for electric vehicles using IEC 61850 and ISO/IEC 15118. Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC), 2012 IEEE, 9–12 Oct 2012
Ustun TS, Ozansoy CR, Zayegh A (2013) Implementing vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology with IEC 61850-7-420. IEEE Trans Smart Grid 4:1180–1187
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Power systems management and associated information exchange [cited 2014 31 May]. http://www.iec.ch/dyn/www/f?p=103:30:0::::FSP_ORG_ID,FSP_LANG_ID:1273,25
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ozansoy, C., Ustun, T.S., Zayegh, A. (2017). Experiences and Applications of Electric and Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles in Power System Networks. In: Veneri, O. (eds) Technologies and Applications for Smart Charging of Electric and Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43651-7_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43651-7_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-43649-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-43651-7
eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)