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DNA Methylation and Gene Regulation in Honeybees: From Genome-Wide Analyses to Obligatory Epialleles

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DNA Methyltransferases - Role and Function

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 945))

Abstract

In contrast to heavily methylated mammalian genomes, invertebrate genomes are only sparsely methylated in a ‘mosaic’ fashion with the majority of methylated CpG dinucleotides found across gene bodies. Importantly, this gene body methylation is frequently associated with active transcription, and studies in the honeybee have shown that there are strong links between gene body methylation and alternative splicing. Additional work also highlights that obligatory methylated epialleles influence transcriptional changes in a context-specific manner. Here we discuss the current knowledge in this emerging field and highlight both similarities and differences between DNA methylation systems in mammals and invertebrates. Finally, we argue that the relationship between genetic variation, differential DNA methylation, other epigenetic modifications and the transcriptome must be further explored to fully understand the role of DNA methylation in converting genomic sequences into phenotypes.

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Abbreviations

5hmC:

5-hydroxymethylcytosine

5mC:

5-methylcytosine

ALK:

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase

CpG:

Cytosine and guanine dinucleotide separated by one phosphate in DNA

CTCF:

CCCTC-binding protein

DBP:

DNA-binding protein

DNMT:

DNA methyltransferase

LAM:

Lysosomal alpha-mannosidase

MeCP:

Methyl-CpG-binding factor

miRNA:

microRNA small non-coding RNA of about 22 nucleotides

mRNA:

messenger RNA

PTM:

Post-translational modification

RdDM:

RNA-directed DNA methylation system

TET:

Ten-eleven translocation enzyme

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia

    Laura Wedd & Ryszard Maleszka

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  1. Laura Wedd
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Correspondence to Ryszard Maleszka .

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  1. Institut für Biochemie, Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany

    Albert Jeltsch

  2. BioMed X Innovation Center, Heidelberg, Germany

    Renata Z. Jurkowska

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Wedd, L., Maleszka, R. (2016). DNA Methylation and Gene Regulation in Honeybees: From Genome-Wide Analyses to Obligatory Epialleles. In: Jeltsch, A., Jurkowska, R. (eds) DNA Methyltransferases - Role and Function. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 945. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43624-1_9

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