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Ecology and Conservation of Birds in Urban Environments pp 287–306Cite as

Bird Diversity Improves the Well-Being of City Residents

Abstract

Humans are increasingly becoming urbanized. Because a number of bird species readily live in urban areas and birds are relatively easily observed, birds are becoming the largest everyday encounter with wild fauna people will have, globally. Despite, few studies have been made on how visual (or acoustic) bird encounter affects humans. The few existing studies show that birds provide humans with increased self-evaluated well-being when seeing and hearing them. These values provided by birds can be recognized as a cultural ecosystems service.

Here we review extant literature to consider why certain species fascinate humans more than others, and some can increase well-being and provide ecosystem services, while others offer disservices through unappealing characteristics. We particularly highlight indications of links between species diversity and well-being. Finally, we discuss possible reasons for variations in our responses to birds and birdsong associated with age, gender, childhood, contact with nature, and the biophilia theory.

If interaction with birds truly increases quality of life, then this value should be considered in the planning of sustainable cities. Both conservation and proper management of existing urban green areas are needed to increase possibilities to encounter many bird species.

Keywords

  • Biodiversity
  • Green space
  • Passerines
  • Songbirds
  • Urban soundscape
  • Urban woodland

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Debora Arlt and Matthew Hiron from the Department of Ecology at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences for their valuable comments regarding the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden

    Marcus Hedblom

  2. Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden

    Marcus Hedblom

  3. Department of Social Work and Psychology, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden

    Igor Knez

  4. Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden

    Bengt Gunnarsson

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  1. Marcus Hedblom
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  2. Igor Knez
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  3. Bengt Gunnarsson
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Correspondence to Marcus Hedblom .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. G.V. Marqués del Turia, Grupo para el Estudio de las Aves, Valencia, Valencia, Spain

    Enrique Murgui

  2. Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden

    Marcus Hedblom

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Hedblom, M., Knez, I., Gunnarsson, B. (2017). Bird Diversity Improves the Well-Being of City Residents. In: Murgui, E., Hedblom, M. (eds) Ecology and Conservation of Birds in Urban Environments. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43314-1_15

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