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Psychological Stress as a Determinant of Skin Barrier Function: Immunological Pathways and Therapeutic Opportunities

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Skin Stress Response Pathways

Abstract

Psychological stress is proposed to be an evolutionary adaptation to the flight or fight response. Physiological changes occur in a number of systems during psychological stress, including the immune response. Classically, acute psychological stress leads to activation of the immune response and chronic psychological stress leads to suppression of the immune response. Skin is the outer most barrier of the body and possesses both innate and adaptive immune responses. Because many dermatological diseases have an immune system component (e.g., atopic dermatitis) we will assess the impact of psychological stress on the skin immune responses herein. Psychological stress has been reported to affect both the innate and adaptive immune responses in experimental systems and in skin disease states. A number of mechanisms have been proposed to explain how psychological stress exerts its impact on the skin immune response including redistribution of the lymphocytes, modulation of immune cell functions and differential expression of cytokines. Although rare, psychtropic drugs can also cause unwanted skin pathologies. The finding that adverse reactions of psychotropic drugs are related to major histocompatability haplotype may suggest an immune mechanism of action. On the other hand, some drugs used to treat skin diseases can results in psychiatric disorders. Finally, a number of psychological methods have been used to successfully treat or reduce the symptoms of skin diseases including hypnosis, cognitive behavioral therapy, psychotherapy and biofeedback.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mental Sciences Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX, USA

    Mark E. Mummert

  2. Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA

    Mark E. Mummert

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Correspondence to Mark E. Mummert .

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  1. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy & The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, TUCSON, Arizona, USA

    Georg T. Wondrak

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Mummert, M.E. (2016). Psychological Stress as a Determinant of Skin Barrier Function: Immunological Pathways and Therapeutic Opportunities. In: Wondrak, G. (eds) Skin Stress Response Pathways. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43157-4_21

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