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Neglected Tropical Diseases - Oceania pp 101–142Cite as

Lymphatic Filariasis in Oceania

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Part of the book series: Neglected Tropical Diseases ((NTD))

Abstract

Lymphatic filariasis caused by the mosquito-transmitted helminth parasite Wuchereria bancrofti is an important problem in Oceania. Of the 33 countries and territories included in this review, 24 have been found to be endemic for this disease at some time in the past, and 18 of these were classified as endemic at the start of the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis in 2000. After the implementation of large mass drug administration campaigns and (to a lesser extent) vector control over the last 15 years, only ten Oceania countries and territories were still considered to have ongoing transmission of lymphatic filariasis in 2015. Through a systematic literature search and review, we identified 79 individual studies of filariasis in Oceania that were published in 70 papers between 1995 and 2015. Data on mosquito (by species) and human infection prevalence using all currently available diagnostic tests, as well as estimates of acute and chronic filariasis morbidity, were extracted from these publications and tabulated in chronological order by country and outcome measure, noting sampling method and sample size in order to evaluate study quality and precision. No studies were identified from Micronesia; most studies in Melanesia and Polynesia were found from Papua New Guinea (PNG) (30) and French Polynesia (16), respectively. All other countries in Melanesia and Polynesia were represented by 1–7 studies except Wallis and Futuna. The systematic review identified 19 published studies of mosquito infections and 62 of human infections but only 3 on acute morbidity (all from PNG in the 1990s) and 11 on chronic morbidity. Since Oceania has a diverse set of mosquito vectors, published reviews of relative efficiencies of different mosquito genera were examined to shed light on their transmission dynamics and hence the potential for elimination of filariasis in Oceania. The review indicates the need for collation of unpublished reports and studies in addition to more geographically representative studies of remaining filariasis infection distribution, as well as quantification of the disability (acute attacks, lymphoedema, elephantiasis and hydrocoele) that will remain once transmission is interrupted, in order to plan for services to alleviate these lifelong effects.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, 4870, Australia

    Patricia M. Graves & Peter Wood

  2. Medical Entomology Laboratory, Institut Louis Malardé, BP 30, 98713, Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia

    Hervé C. Bossin

Authors
  1. Patricia M. Graves
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  2. Peter Wood
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  3. Hervé C. Bossin
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Patricia M. Graves .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Health and Medicine, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia

    Alex Loukas

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Graves, P.M., Wood, P., Bossin, H.C. (2016). Lymphatic Filariasis in Oceania. In: Loukas, A. (eds) Neglected Tropical Diseases - Oceania. Neglected Tropical Diseases. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43148-2_4

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