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Strongyloidiasis in Oceania

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Neglected Tropical Diseases - Oceania

Part of the book series: Neglected Tropical Diseases ((NTD))

Abstract

Strongyloidiasis is a potentially fatal disease caused by species of Strongyloides (Nematoda). In Oceania, two species infect humans: S. stercoralis and S. kellyi. S. stercoralis is widespread throughout Oceania and causes serious disease in any age group. S. kellyi is localised to Papua New Guinea and causes serious disease in infants. Infective larvae enter the body through the skin and migrate through the tissues. Adult females live in the mucosa of the proximal small intestine. The life cycle of S. stercoralis includes autoinfection, unusual in parasitic worms, whereby some of the offspring of the parasitic adults become infective in the lower intestine and complete the life cycle in the same person. This ensures that the infection persists, and the population of the worms can increase out of control, usually when the person is immunodeficient or immunosuppressed. The worms can be eliminated by oral ivermectin, and the person is probably cured if their serology is negative 6 months after treatment. This chapter contains details of the life cycles, transmission, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests and how to interpret them, most effective treatment options, how to ensure that treatment has been effective and what to consider when developing effective prevention and control strategies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Miwatj Health Aboriginal Corporation, Nhulunbuy, Northern Territory and College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Australia

    Wendy Page

  2. Department of Pharmacy and Applied Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Australia

    Jennifer Shield

  3. School of the Environment, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia

    Francis O’Donahoo

  4. Indigenous Research Unit, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia

    Adrian Miller

  5. School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Australia

    Jenni Judd

  6. Australian Institute of Health and Tropical Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Australia

    Jenni Judd

  7. Anton Breinl Centre for Health Systems Strengthening, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Australia

    Jenni Judd & Rick Speare

  8. Tropical Health Solutions, Townsville, 4811, Australia

    Rick Speare

  9. College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Australia

    Rick Speare

Authors
  1. Wendy Page
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  2. Jennifer Shield
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  3. Francis O’Donahoo
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  4. Adrian Miller
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  5. Jenni Judd
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  6. Rick Speare
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Correspondence to Wendy Page .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Health and Medicine, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia

    Alex Loukas

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Page, W., Shield, J., O’Donahoo, F., Miller, A., Judd, J., Speare, R. (2016). Strongyloidiasis in Oceania. In: Loukas, A. (eds) Neglected Tropical Diseases - Oceania. Neglected Tropical Diseases. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43148-2_3

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