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Rate of Leaching of Organic and Inorganic Compounds in Tilled and Orchard Soils

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Abstract

The first-order kinetic reaction rate model is used in predicting the leaching of atrazine and inorganic compounds (\( {\mathrm{K}}^{+1} \), \( {\mathrm{Fe}}^{+3} \), \( {\mathrm{Mg}}^{+2} \), \( {\mathrm{Mn}}^{+2} \), \( {\mathrm{NH}}_4^{+} \), \( {\mathrm{NO}}_3^{-} \), and \( {\mathrm{PO}}_4^{-3} \)) from tilled and orchard silty loam soils. This model provided an excellent fit to the experimental concentration changes of the compounds vs. time data during leaching. Calculated values of the first-order reaction rate constants for the changes of all chemicals ranged from 3.8 to 19.0 times higher in orchard than in tilled soil. Higher first-order reaction constants for orchard than tilled soil are in line with both higher total porosity and contribution of biological pores in the former. The first-order reaction constants for the leaching of chemical compounds enable the prediction of the actual compound concentration and the interactions between compound and soil as affected by management system. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of simultaneous chemical and physical analyses as a tool for the understanding of leaching in variously managed soils.

Keywords

Tilled and orchard soils Leaching kinetics Organic and inorganic compounds 
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© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Institute for Agricultural and Forest Environment, Polish Academy of SciencesPoznańPoland
  2. 2.Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of SciencesLublinPoland

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