Skip to main content

Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: AAPS Advances in the Pharmaceutical Sciences Series ((AAPS,volume 26))

Abstract

Caring for the older person is perhaps one of the most challenging tasks in clinical medicine. In addition to normal age-related changes that affect function and physiological response, certain age-prevalent diseases also accumulate. This may lead to even the most experienced clinician being surprised by the often atypical and nonspecific presentation of illness. Although a comprehensive geriatric assessment may be time- and labor-intensive, thoughtful screening is nonetheless crucial to assess an elderly person’s functional ability, physical health, cognitive and mental health, and socio-environmental situation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   279.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Williams ME. Why screen for functional disability in elderly persons. Annals Intern Med. 1990;112(9):63–640.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Lawton MP, Brody EM. Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. Gerontologist. 1969;9:179–86.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Katz S, Ford AB, Moskowitz RW, et al. Studies of illness in the aged: the index of ADL. JAMA. 1963;185:914–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Mahoney FI, Barthel D. Functional evaluation: the Barthel Index. Maryland State Med J. 1965;14:56–61.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Fillenbaum G. Screening the elderly: brief instrumental activities of daily living measure. JAGS. 1985;33:698–706.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Morris JN, Sherwood S, Mor V. An assessment tool for use in identifying functionally vulnerable persons in the community. Gerontologist. 1984;24(4):373–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Reuben DB, Siu AL. An objective measure of physical function of elderly outpatients: the physical performance test. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1990;38:1105–12.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Tinetti ME. Performance-oriented assessment of mobility problems in elderly patients. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1986;34(2):119–26.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Tinetti ME, Williams TF, Mayewski R. Fall risk index for elderly patients based on number of chronic disabilities. Am J Med. 1986;80:429–34.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Morse JM, Morse RM, Tylko SJ. Development of a scale to identify the fall-prone patient. Can J Aging. 1989;8:366–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Abrams P et al. International Continence Society 2005. http://www.ics.org/Publications/ICI_3/book.pdf.

  12. Wallace, et al. Involuntary weight loss in older outpatients: incidence and clinical significance. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1995;43(4):329–37.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Rubenstein LZ, Harker JO, Salva A, Guigoz Y, Vellas B. Screening for undernutrition in geriatric practice: developing the short-form mini-nutritional assessment (MNA-SF). J Gerontology. 2001;56A:M366–77.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), 5th ed. American Psychiatric Association; 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Mojtabai R. Diagnosing depression in older adults in primary care. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(13):1190–2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Inouye, et al. A predictive model for delirium in hospitalized elderly medical patients based on admission characteristics. Ann Intern Med. 1993;119(6):474–81.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Inouye SK, Charpentier PA. Precipitating factors for delirium in hospitalized elderly persons. Predictive model and interrelationship with baseline vulnerability. JAMA. 1996;275(11):852–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Lin JS et al. Screening for cognitive impairment in older adults: an evidence update for the U.S. preventive services task force [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2013 Nov. (Evidence Syntheses, No. 107). Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK174643/.

  19. Boustani M et al. Screening for dementia [Internet]. Systemic evidence reviews, No 20. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Nasreddine ZS, et al. The montreal cognitive assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53(4):695–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Tariq SH et al. The Saint Louis University Mental Status (SLUMS) examination is more sensitive than mini-mental state examination (MMSE) for detecting mild cognitive impairment and dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2004;52(4):122.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Neelon VJ, Champagne MT, Carlson JR, Funk SG. The NEECHAM confusion scale: construction, validation, and clinical testing. Nurs Res. 1996;45(6):324–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Bergeron N, Dubois MJ, Dumont M, Dial S, Skrobik Y. Intensive care delirium screening checklist: evaluation of a new screening tool. Intensive Care Med. 2001;27(5):859–64.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Radloff LS. The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychol Measur. 1977;1:385–401.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Yesavage JA, Brink TL, Rose TL, Lum O, Huang V, Adey MB, Leirer VO. Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: a preliminary report. J Psychiatr Res. 1983;17:37–49.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Sheikh JI, Yesavage JA. Geriatric depression scale (GDS): recent evidence and development of a shorter version. In: Clinical gerontology: a guide to assessment and intervention. New York: The Haworth Press; 1986, p. 165–173.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Lyness JM, et al. Screening for depression in elderly primary care patients. A comparison of the center for epidemiologic studies-depression scale and the geriatric depression scale. Arch Intern Med. 1997;157(4):449–54.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Rinaldi P et al. Validation of the five-item geriatric depression scale in elderly subjects in three different settings. JAGS. 2003;51(5):694–8.

    Google Scholar 

  29. O’Conner EA, et al. Screening for depression in adult patients in primary care settings: a systematic evidence review. Ann Intern Med. 2009;151(11):793–803.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Cummings JL. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory: assessing psychopathology in dementia patients. Neurology. 1997;48:S10–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Cummings J, Mega M, Gray K, Rosenberg-Thompson S, Carusi DA, Gornbein J. The neuropsychiatric inventory: comprehensive assessment of psychopathology in dementia. Neurology. 1994;44:2308–14.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. McKhann, et al. The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2011;7(3):263–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Steven R. Gambert .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Blumenthal, J., Gambert, S.R. (2016). Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment. In: Stegemann, S. (eds) Developing Drug Products in an Aging Society. AAPS Advances in the Pharmaceutical Sciences Series, vol 26. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43099-7_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics