Skip to main content

The Plexus

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Atlas of Anatomy of the Peripheral Nerves
  • 3889 Accesses

Abstract

Two phases are distinguished in the development of peripheral nerves: the growth of precursor cells and the development of segmental spinal nerves.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Bibliography

  1. Erlanger J, Gasser HS (1930) The action potential in fibers of slow conduction in spinal roots and somatic nerves. Am J Physiol Leg Content 92:43–82

    Google Scholar 

  2. Hunt CC (1954) Relation of function to diameter in afferent fibers of muscle nerves. J Gen Physiol 38:117–131

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Seddon HJ (1943) Three types of nerve injury. Brain 66: Part 4, 122–128

    Google Scholar 

  4. Sunderland S (1951) A classification of peripheral nerve injuries producing loss of function. Brain J Neurol 74:491–516

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Grimby G, Einarsson G, Hedberg M, Aniansson A (1989) Muscle adaptive changes in post-polio subjects. Scand J Rehabil Med 21:19–26

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Trojan DA, Gendron D, Cashman NR (1991) Electrophysiology and electrodiagnosis of the post-polio motor unit. Orthopedics 14:1353–1361

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Fu SY, Gordon T (1997) The cellular and molecular basis of peripheral nerve regeneration. Mol Neurobiol 14:67–116. doi:10.1007/BF02740621

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Brown MC, Ironton R (1978) Sprouting and regression of neuromuscular synapses in partially denervated mammalian muscles. J Physiol 278:325–348

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Fisher TJ, Vrbová G, Wijetunge A (1989) Partial denervation of the rat soleus muscle at two different developmental stages. Neuroscience 28:755–763

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Gordon T, Pattullo MC (1993) Plasticity of muscle fiber and motor unit types. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 21:331–362

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Jansen JK, Fladby T (1990) The perinatal reorganization of the innervation of skeletal muscle in mammals. Prog Neurobiol 34:39–90

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Rafuse VF, Gordon T, Orozco R (1992) Proportional enlargement of motor units after partial denervation of cat triceps surae muscles. J Neurophysiol 68:1261–1276

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Tam SL, Archibald V, Jassar B et al (2001) Increased neuromuscular activity reduces sprouting in partially denervated muscles. J Neurosci Off J Soc Neurosci 21:654–667

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Thompson W, Jansen JK (1977) The extent of sprouting of remaining motor units in partly denervated immature and adult rat soleus muscle. Neuroscience 2:523–535

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Yang JF, Stein RB, Jhamandas J, Gordon T (1990) Motor unit numbers and contractile properties after spinal cord injury. Ann Neurol 28:496–502. doi:10.1002/ana.410280405

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Luff AR, Hatcher DD, Torkko K (1988) Enlarged motor units resulting from partial denervation of cat hindlimb muscles. J Neurophysiol 59:1377–1394

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Rafuse VF, Gordon T (1996) Self-reinnervated cat medial gastrocnemius muscles. I. Comparisons of the capacity for regenerating nerves to form enlarged motor units after extensive peripheral nerve injuries. J Neurophysiol 75:268–281

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Rafuse VF, Gordon T (1996) Self-reinnervated cat medial gastrocnemius muscles. II. Analysis of the mechanisms and significance of fiber type grouping in reinnervated muscles. J Neurophysiol 75:282–297

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Blechschmidt E, Böttcher G, Jubine J (2011) Comment commence la vie humaine de l’oeuf à l’embryon: observations et conclusions. Sully, Vannes

    Google Scholar 

  20. Sherrington C (1893) Experiments in examination of the peripheral distribution of the fibres of the posterior roots spinal nerves. Philos Trans B 1:45–186

    Google Scholar 

  21. Head H (1900) The pathology of herpes zoster and its bearing in sensory localization. Brain 3:353–523

    Google Scholar 

  22. Foerster O (1933) The dermatomes in man. Brain 56:1–39

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Keegan JJ, Garrett FD (1948) The segmental distribution of the cutaneous nerves in the limbs of man. Anat Rec 102:409–437

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Thorburn W (1888) The distribution of paralysis and anaesthesia in injuries of the cervical region of the spinal cord. Br Med J 2:1382–1385

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  25. Thorburn W (1889) Spinal localisations as indicated by spinal injuries in the lumbosacral region. Br Med J 1:993–994

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Thorburn W (1893) Note on a group of symptoms commonly attributed to dislocation of the neck. Br Med J 1:287–288

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Starr M (1892) Local anesthesia as a guide in the diagnosis of the lower spinal cord. Am J Med Sci 5:14–35

    Google Scholar 

References

  • Delmotte A et al (2009) Physiology of the injured peripheral nerve. Neuro-Chirurgie 55 Suppl 1:S13–21

    Google Scholar 

  • D’Houtaud S, Buffenoir K, et al (2009) Mechanisms controlling axonal sprouting at the neuromuscular junction. Neuro-Chirurgie 55 Suppl 1:S63–68

    Google Scholar 

  • D’Houtaud S, Sztermer E, et al (2009) Synapse formation and regeneration. Neuro-Chirurgie 55 Suppl 1:S49–62

    Google Scholar 

  • Keirstead HS et al (1999) Enhanced axonal regeneration following combined demyelination plus schwann cell transplantation therapy in the injured adult spinal cord. Exp Neurol 159(1):225–236

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd DP, Hunt CC, McIntyre AK (1955) Transmission in fractionated monosynaptic spinal reflex systems. J Gen Physiol 38(3):307–317

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Raju TN (1999) The Nobel chronicles. 1944: Joseph Erlanger (1874–1965); and Herbert Spencer Gasser (1888–1963). Lancet (London, England) 353(9155):851

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rigoard P, Chaillou M, Fares M et al (2009) Applications énergétiques: Na/K-ATPase et transmission neuromusculaire. Neurochirurgie 55:S92–S103

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rigoard P, Buffenoir K, Wager M et al (2009) Organisation anatomique et physiologique du nerf périphérique. Neurochirurgie 55:S3–S12

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rigoard P, Buffenoir K, Bauche S et al (2009) Organisation structurale, moléculaire, formation et maturation de la jonction neuromusculaire. Neurochirurgie 55:S34–S42

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rigoard P, Lapierre F (2009) Rappels sur le nerf périphérique. Neurochirurgie 55(4–5):360–374

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rigoard S, Wager M, Buffenoir K et al (2009) Principaux mécanismes impliqués dans la transmission synaptique au sein de l’appareil neuromusculaire. Neurochirurgie 55:S22–S33

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanes JR, Lichtman JW (1999) Development of the vertebrate neuromuscular junction. Annu Rev Neurosci 22:389–442

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Valenzuela DM et al (1995) Receptor tyrosine kinase specific for the skeletal muscle lineage: expression in embryonic muscle, at the neuromuscular junction, and after injury. Neuron 15(3):573–584

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou H et al (1999) Distinct domains of MuSK mediate its abilities to induce and to associate with postsynaptic specializations. J Cell Biol 146(5):1133–1146

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Rigoard, P. (2017). The Plexus. In: Rigoard, P. (eds) Atlas of Anatomy of the Peripheral Nerves . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43089-8_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43089-8_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-43088-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-43089-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics