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Nutrition in Lifestyle Medicine pp 151–171Cite as

Nutrition Therapy for the Prevention and Treatment of Prediabetes and Diabetes

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Part of the book series: Nutrition and Health ((NH))

Abstract

Lifestyle medicine for prediabetes and diabetes includes nutrition therapy, physical activity, education/counseling and support, and monitoring. Nutrition therapy, physical activity, and education/counseling and support for persons with prediabetes are essential interventions for the prevention of progression of prediabetes to diabetes. In the management of type 1 and type 2 diabetes (T1D and T2D), research has documented the effectiveness of nutrition therapy for achieving lifestyle and medical goals. For persons with type 2 diabetes, individualized nutrition therapy interventions with a focus on reduced energy intake are effective in achieving management goals. For persons with type 1 diabetes, the use of carbohydrate counting for determining prandial insulin doses is a proven nutrition therapy intervention for achieving glucose goals. For all, monitoring carbohydrate intake, whether by carbohydrate counting or experience-based estimation remains a key nutrition therapy strategy. For good health, carbohydrate intake from vegetables, fruits, whole grains, legumes, and dairy products is encouraged over intake from other carbohydrate sources, especially those that contain added fats, sugars, or sodium. Collaboration between health care professionals and persons with diabetes in determining lifestyle strategies and goals is necessary. For all physical activity is encouraged, education/counseling and support are essential, monitoring must be done to determine if lifestyle and medical goals are being met, and the integration of nutrition therapy interventions and medications is important.

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Abbreviations

A1C:

Hemoglobin A1c

Academy:

Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

ACE:

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor

ADA:

American Diabetes Association

ARB:

Angiotensin receptor blocker

AUC:

Area under glucose curve

BMI:

Body mass index

CGM:

Continuous glucose monitoring

CSII:

Continuous subcutaneous insulin input

CVD:

Cardiovascular disease

DCCT:

Diabetes Control and Complications Trial

DPP:

Diabetes Prevention Program

DPP-4:

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor

DPS:

Diabetes Prevention Study

DSME:

Diabetes self-management education

DSMS:

Diabetes self-management support

GI:

Glycemic index

GLP-1:

Glucagon-like peptide 1 agonist

IDF:

International Diabetes Federation

MDI:

Multiple-dose insulin injections

MED Diet:

Mediterranean diet

MNT:

Medical nutrition therapy

NNS:

Non-nutritive sweeteners

NTPG:

Nutrition therapy practice guidelines

PCOS:

Polycystic ovary syndrome

RCT:

Randomized controlled trial

RDN:

Registered Dietitian Nutritionist

SFA:

Saturated fatty acids

SGLT-2:

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor

SMBG:

Self-monitoring of blood glucose

SOS:

Swedish Obese Subjects

SSB:

Sugar sweetened beverages

T1D:

Type 1 diabetes

T2D:

Type 2 diabetes

TZD:

Thiazolidinedione

US:

United States

WLI:

Weight loss interventions

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    Marion J. Franz MS, RDN, CDE

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  1. Rippe Lifestyle Institute , Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, USA

    James M. Rippe

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Franz, M.J. (2017). Nutrition Therapy for the Prevention and Treatment of Prediabetes and Diabetes. In: Rippe, J. (eds) Nutrition in Lifestyle Medicine. Nutrition and Health. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43027-0_8

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