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Springer Handbook of Global Navigation Satellite Systems pp 1063–1106Cite as

Geodynamics

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Part of the book series: Springer Handbooks ((SHB))

Zusammenfassung

Geodynamic studies rely on measurement of motions over time, such as displacements, displacement time series, or velocities for those sites that move steadily with time. Global navigation satellite systems (GlossaryTerm

GNSS

s) are widely used for geodynamics research, including studies of tectonic plate motions and plate boundary deformation, earthquakes and seismology, volcano deformation, surface loading deformation, and glacial isostatic adjustment. GNSS is an ideal tool for these studies because it can provide time series of millimeter-precision positions using inexpensive, portable and easily deployed equipment. This chapter illustrates and summarizes the important concepts and the basic computational models used to relate active processes within the Earth to surface deformation that can be observed using GNSS. These include conceptual models for the earthquake cycle, elastic dislocation theory, the Mogi volcanic source model, and surface loading computations. The chapter also summarizes important research results in all of these topics. Rapid and real-time applications of GNSS to use surface deformation for earthquake and tsunami warning are growing, and are likely to become even more important in the future, as will multi-GNSS observations to provide greater measurement accuracy.

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Abbreviations

CDMA:

code division multiple access

ECMWF:

European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts

GLONASS:

Global’naya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikova Sistema (Russian Global Navigation Satellite System)

GNSS:

global navigation satellite system

GPS:

Global Positioning System

IGS:

International GNSS Service

InSAR:

interferometric synthetic aperture radar

ITRF:

International Terrestrial Reference Frame

JPL:

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

MLE:

maximum likelihood estimation

NASA:

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

PBO:

plate boundary observatory

PLL:

phase lock loop

PPP:

precise point positioning

RMS:

root mean square

SLR:

satellite laser ranging

SNR:

signal-to-noise ratio

TRF:

terrestrial reference frame

UNAVCO:

University NAVSTAR Consortium

USGS:

United States Geological Survey

VLBI:

very long baseline interferometry

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Acknowledgements

The author thanks Kimberly deGrandpre and Shanshan Li for providing comments on an early draft from a student’s perspective. Many figures in this chapter were created using the Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) developed and maintained by Paul Wessel, Walter H. F. Smith, Remko Scharroo, Joaquim Luis, and Florian Wobbe.

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  1. Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, 903 Koyukuk Drive, AK 99775-7320, Fairbanks, USA

    Jeff Freymueller

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  1. Dept. of Spatial Sciences, Curtin University, WA 6845, Perth, Australia

    Peter J.G. Teunissen

  2. Department of Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA, Delft, Netherlands

    Peter J.G. Teunissen

  3. German Aerospace Center (DLR), Münchener Str. 20, 82234, Wessling, Germany

    Oliver Montenbruck

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Freymueller, J. (2017). Geodynamics. In: Teunissen, P.J., Montenbruck, O. (eds) Springer Handbook of Global Navigation Satellite Systems. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42928-1_37

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