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Springer Handbook of Global Navigation Satellite Systems

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Zusammenfassung

The Global Positioning System (GlossaryTerm

GPS

) became available as a civilian geodetic survey technology in the early 1980s. It has since revolutionized not only geodesy, but surveying operations as well. Global Navigation Systems (GlossaryTerm

GNSS

s) are today a fundamental tool for the land, engineering, and hydrographic surveyor. The majority of GNSS survey tasks relate to the determination of high-accuracy coordinates in a well-defined reference frame, typically using differential GNSS positioning techniques based on the analysis of carrier-phase measurements. Carrier-phase-based positioning is capable of distinct levels of accuracy – submeter, few decimeters, centimeter, and even subcentimeter – through a combination of special instrumentation, sophisticated software, and unique field operations. The evolution of GNSS from a geodetic surveying technology to a versatile surveying tool has seen precise positioning implemented in real-time, using ever shorter spans of measurements, and even when the user receiver is in motion. Furthermore, new techniques based on precise single-point positioning, as well as wide-area reference receiver networks, are starting to find wider use.

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Abbreviations

CORS:

continuously operating reference station

GIS:

geographic information system

GNSS:

global navigation satellite system

GPS:

Global Positioning System

IERS:

International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service

IGS:

International GNSS Service

ITRF:

International Terrestrial Reference Frame

PPP:

precise point positioning

RINEX:

receiver independent exchange (format)

RTCM:

Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services

RTK:

real-time kinematic

RTS:

real-time service

SP3:

Standard Product 3 (format)

UHF:

ultra-high frequency

UNAVCO:

University NAVSTAR Consortium

VHF:

very high frequency

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, High Street, NSW 2052, Kensington, Australia

    Chris Rizos

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  1. Chris Rizos
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Correspondence to Chris Rizos .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Spatial Sciences, Curtin University, WA 6845, Perth, Australia

    Peter J.G. Teunissen

  2. Department of Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA, Delft, Netherlands

    Peter J.G. Teunissen

  3. German Aerospace Center (DLR), Münchener Str. 20, 82234, Wessling, Germany

    Oliver Montenbruck

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Rizos, C. (2017). Surveying. In: Teunissen, P.J., Montenbruck, O. (eds) Springer Handbook of Global Navigation Satellite Systems. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42928-1_35

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