Skip to main content
Book cover

Handbook of Eudaimonic Well-Being pp 307–322Cite as

The Eudaimonics of Human Strengths: The Relations Between Character Strengths and Well-Being

Part of the International Handbooks of Quality-of-Life book series (IHQL)

Abstract

The present chapter was aimed at presenting an overview of the findings on the relations between character strengths and well-being. In order to get a broader picture about these relations, not just eudaimonic well-being but also hedonic well-being was considered. Within the scope of the chapter at hand, focus was on subjective well-being as indicator of hedonic well-being as well as on psychological well-being as indicator of eudaimonic well-being. Following the definitions of these constructs, research findings on the correlations between character strengths and well-being (i.e., subjective well-being: positive affect, negative affect, and global life satisfaction; psychological well-being: environmental mastery, personal growth, purpose in life, autonomy, self-acceptance, and positive relationships) are presented. None of the character strengths systematically showed a correlation coefficient that indicated a detrimental relation between a strength and (indicators of) subjective and psychological well-being. On the contrary and as expected, character strengths seem to be important individual factors facilitating well-being. Across all indicators of well-being (i.e., subjective well-being and psychological well-being) zest, hope, and curiosity were the most substantial correlates among the character strengths. Moreover, in addition to zest, hope, and curiosity, further character strengths were relevant for specific indicators of subjective well-being and psychological well-being as well. In-depth interpretations of the most important relations are presented and discussed. Finally, concluding remarks and open questions are presented, and future directions for research are discussed.

Keywords

  • Character strengths
  • Subjective well-being
  • Psychological well-being
  • Hedonism
  • Eudaimonia
  • Hedonic well-being
  • Eudaimonic well-being
  • Happiness

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42445-3_20
  • Chapter length: 16 pages
  • Instant PDF download
  • Readable on all devices
  • Own it forever
  • Exclusive offer for individuals only
  • Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout
eBook
USD   299.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • ISBN: 978-3-319-42445-3
  • Instant PDF download
  • Readable on all devices
  • Own it forever
  • Exclusive offer for individuals only
  • Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout
Softcover Book
USD   379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
Hardcover Book
USD   379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
Learn about institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    On a more nuanced level, domain specific satisfactions (e.g., with work, family or self) can be distinguished as well (cf. Diener et al., 1999). However, this will not be of interest in the present chapter.

References

  • Anaby, D., Jarus, T., & Zumbo, B. D. (2010). Psychometric evaluation of the Hebrew language version of the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Social Indicators Research, 96, 267–274. doi:10.1007/s11205-009-9476-z.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Atienza, F. L., Balaguer, I., & Garcı́a-Merita, M. L. (2003). Satisfaction with life scale: Analysis of factorial invariance across sexes. Personality and Individual Differences, 35, 1255–1260. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00332-X.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Azañedo, C. M., Fernández-Abascal, E. G., & Barraca, J. (2014). Character strengths in Spain: Validation of the Values in Action Inventory of Strengths (VIA-IS) in a Spanish sample. Clínica y Salud, 25, 123–130. doi:10.1016/j.clysa.2014.06.002.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Biswas-Diener, R. (2006). From the equator to the North Pole: A study of character strengths. Journal of Happiness Studies, 7, 293–310. doi:10.1007/s10902-005-3646-8.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Blais, M. R., Vallerand, R. J., Pelletier, L. G., & Brière, N. M. (1989). L’Echelle de Satisfaction de vie: Validation canadienne-française du “Satisfaction With Life Scale” [The satisfaction scale: Canadian-French validation of the Satisfaction with Life Scale.]. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 21, 210–223. doi:10.1037/h0079854.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Brdar, I., & Kashdan, T. B. (2010). Character strengths and well-being in Croatia: An empirical investigation of structure and correlates. Journal of Research in Personality, 44, 151–154. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2009.12.001.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Cangiano, F., & Parker, S. K. (2016). Proactivity for mental health and well-being. In S. Clarke, T. M. Probst, F. W. Guldenmund, & J. Passmore (Eds.), The Wiley Blackwell handbook of the psychology of occupational safety and workplace health (pp. 228–250). Malden, MA: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chancellor, J., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2013). Humble beginnings: Current trends, state perspectives, and hallmarks of humility. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 7, 819–833. doi:10.1111/spc3.12069.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Diener, E. (1994). Assessing subjective well-being. Progress and opportunities. Social Indicators Research, 31, 103–157. doi:10.1007/BF01207052.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71–75. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Diener, E., Lucas, R. E., & Oishi, S. (2005). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and life satisfaction. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 63–73). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 276–302. doi:10.1037//0033-2909.125.2.276.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Doty, D. H., & Glick, W. H. (1998). Common method bias: Does common methods variance really bias results? Organizational Research Methods, 1, 374–406. doi:10.1177/109442819814002.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Forest, J., Mageau, G. V. A., Crevier-Braud, L., Bergeron, L., Dubreuil, P., & Lavigne, G. V. L. (2012). Harmonious passion as an explanation of the relation between signature strengths’ use and well-being at work: Test of an intervention program. Human Relations, 65, 1233–1252. doi:10.1177/0018726711433134.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Fredrickson, B. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology. American Psychologist, 56, 218–226. doi:10.1037//0003-066X.56.3.218.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Gable, S. L., & Haidt, J. (2005). What (and why) is positive psychology? Review of General Psychology, 9, 103–110. doi:10.1037/1089-2680.9.2.103.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Gander, F., Proyer, R. T., Ruch, W., & Wyss, T. (2013). Strength-based positive interventions: Further evidence on their potential for enhancing well-being and alleviating depression. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14, 1241–1259. doi:10.1007%2Fs10902-012-9380-0.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Gaudreau, P., Sanchez, X., & Blondin, J.-P. (2006). Positive and negative affective states in a performance-related setting: Testing the factorial structure of the PANAS across two samples of French-Canadian participants. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 22, 240–249. doi:10.1027/1015-5759.22.4.240.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Glaesmer, H., Grande, G., Braehler, E., & Roth, M. (2011). The German version of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS): Psychometric properties, validity, and population-based norms. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 27, 127–132. doi:10.1027/1015-5759/a000058.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Gradišek, P. (2012). Character strengths and life satisfaction of Slovenian in-service and pre-service teachers. Center for Educational Policies Studies Journal, 2, 167–180.

    Google Scholar 

  • Güsewell, A., & Ruch, W. (2012). Are only emotional strengths emotional? Character strengths and disposition to positive emotions. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 4, 218–239. doi:10.1111/j.1758-0854.2012.01070.x.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harzer, C. (2016). The relations of character strengths with subjective and psychological well-being. Manuscript submitted for publication.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harzer, C., & Ruch, W. (2012). When the job is a calling: The role of applying one’s signature strengths at work. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 7, 362–371. doi:10.1080/17439760.2012.702784.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Harzer, C., & Ruch, W. (2013). The application of signature character strengths and positive experiences at work. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14, 965–983. doi:10.1007/s10902-012-9364-0.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Harzer, C., & Ruch, W. (2014). The role of character strengths for task performance, job dedication, interpersonal facilitation, and organizational support. Human Performance, 27, 183–205. doi:10.1080/08959285.2014.913592.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Harzer, C., & Ruch, W. (2015). The relationships of character strengths with coping, work-related stress, and job satisfaction. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 165. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00165.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Harzer, C., & Ruch, W. (in press). Your strengths are calling: Preliminary results of a strengths-based online-intervention to increase calling. Journal of Happiness Studies. doi:10.1007/s10902-015-9692-y.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huta, V., & Hawley, L. (2010). Psychological strengths and cognitive vulnerabilities: Are they two ends of the same continuum or do they have independent relationships with well-being and ill-being? Journal of Happiness Studies, 11, 71–93. doi:10.1007/s10902-008-9123-4.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Jayawickreme, E., Forgeard, M. J. C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2012). The engine of well-being. Review of General Psychology, 16, 327–342. doi:10.1037/a0027990.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Khumalo, I. P., Wissing, M. P., & Temane, Q. (2008). Exploring the validity of the Values-In-Action Inventory of Strengths (VIA-IS) in an African context. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 18, 133–142.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kishida, Y., Kitamura, T., Gatayama, R., Matsuoka, T., Miura, S., & Yamabe, K. (2004). Ryff’s psychological well-being inventory: Factorial structure and life history correlates among Japanese university students. Psychological Reports, 94, 83–103. doi:10.2466/PR0.94.1.83-103.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Krohne, H. W., Egloff, B., Kohlmann, C. W., & Tausch, A. (1996). Untersuchungen mit einer deutschen Version der Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) [Investigations with a German version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)]. Diagnostica, 42, 139–156.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leontopoulou, S., & Triliva, S. (2012). Explorations of subjective wellbeing and character strengths among a Greek University student sample. International Journal of Wellbeing, 2, 251–270. doi:10.5502/ijw.v2.i3.6.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Littman-Ovadia, H., & Lavy, S. (2012). Character strengths in Israel: Hebrew adaptation of the VIA inventory of strengths. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 28, 41–50. doi:10.1027/1015-5759/a000089.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Littman-Ovadia, H., & Steger, M. F. (2010). Character strengths and well-being among volunteers and employees: Toward an integrative model. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 5, 419–430. doi:10.1080/17439760.2010.516765.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Martínez Martí, M. L., & Ruch, W. (2014). Character strengths and well-being across the life span: Data from a representative sample of German-speaking adults living in Switzerland. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 1253. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01253.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miljković, D., & Rijavec, M. (2008). What makes us happy: Strengths of mind, strengths of heart or self-control? In M. Cindrić, V. Domović, & M. Matijevic (Eds.), Collected papers of 2nd scientific research symposium: Pedagogy and the knowledge society (Vol. 1, pp. 241–250). Zagreb, Croatia: Učiteljski fakulte.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, J., Stanimirovic, R., Klein, B., & Vella-Brodrick, D. A. (2009). A randomised controlled trial of a self-guided internet intervention promoting well-being. Computers in Human Behavior, 25, 749–760. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2009.02.003.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Otake, K., Shimai, S., Ikemi, A., Utsuki, N., Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2005). Development of the Japanese version of the Values in Action Inventory of Strengths (VIA-IS). Japanese Journal of Psychology, 76, 461–467. doi:10.4992/jjpsy.76.461.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2006). Moral competence and character strengths among adolescents: The development and validation of the values in action inventory of strengths for youth. Journal of Adolescence, 29, 891–909. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2006.04.011.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2007). Methodological issues in positive psychology and the assessment of character strengths. In A. D. Ong & M. H. M. van Dulmen (Eds.), Handbook of methods in positive psychology (pp. 292–305). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Park, N., Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004a). Strengths of character and well-being. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23, 603–619. doi:10.1521/jscp.23.5.603.50748.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Park, N., Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004b). Reply: Strengths of character and well-being: A closer look at hope and modesty. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23, 628–634. doi:10.1521/jscp.23.5.628.50749.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Park, N., Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2006). Character strengths in fifty-four nations and the fifty US states. Journal of Positive Psychology, 1, 118–129. doi:10.1080/17439760600619567.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Parker, S. K., Bindl, U. K., & Strauss, K. (2010). Making things happen: A model of proactive motivation. Journal of Management, 36, 827–856. doi:10.1177/0149206310363732.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, C. (2006). A primer in positive psychology. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, C., & Park, N. (2006). Character strengths in organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27, 1149–1154. doi:10.1002/job.398.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, C., & Park, N. (2007). Attachment security and its benefits in context. Psychological Inquiry, 18, 172–176. doi:10.1080/10478400701512752.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, C., Park, N., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2005a). Assessment of character strengths. In G. P. Koocher, J. C. Norcross, & S. S. Hill III (Eds.), Psychologists’ desk reference (2nd ed., pp. 93–98). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, C., Park, N., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2005b). Orientations to happiness and life satisfaction: The full versus the empty life. Journal of Happiness Studies, 6, 25–41. doi:10.1007/s10902-004-1278-z.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, C., Park, N., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2006). Greater strengths of character and recovery from illness. Journal of Positive Psychology, 1, 17–26. doi:10.1080/17439760500372739.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Proctor, C., Maltby, J., & Linley, P. A. (2011). Strengths use as a predictor of wellbeing and health-related quality of life. Journal of Happiness Studies, 12, 153–169. doi:10.1007/s10902-009-9181-2.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Proyer, R. T., Ruch, W., & Buschor, C. (2013). Testing strengths-based interventions: A preliminary study on the effectiveness of a program targeting curiosity, gratitude, hope, humor, and zest for enhancing life satisfaction. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14, 275–292. doi:10.1007/s10902-012-9331-9.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Quinlan, D., Swain, N., & Vella-Brodrick, D. A. (2012). Character strengths interventions: Building on what we know for improved outcomes. Journal of Happiness Studies, 13, 1145–1163. doi:10.1007/s10902-011-9311-5.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Risch, A. K. (2008). Rezidivierende Depression: Psychologische Risikofaktoren und Prädiktoren des Störungsverlaufs [Recurrent depression: Psychological risk factors and predictors of the progress of disease] (Doctoral dissertation, Friedrich Schiller Universitay Jena). Retrieved from http://www.db-thueringen.de/servlets/DerivateServlet/Derivate-17179/Risch/Dissertation.pdf

  • Risch, A. K., Strohmayer, C., Stangier, U. (2005). Fragebogen zum Psychologischen Wohlbefinden – PWB [Psychological Well-Being Scales – PWB]. Unpublished manuscript, Department of Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruch, W., Harzer, C., Proyer, R. T., Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2010). Ways to happiness in German-speaking countries: The adaptation of the German version of the orientations to happiness questionnaire in paper-pencil and internet samples. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 26, 224–231. doi:10.1027/1015-5759/a000030.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Ruch, W., Proyer, R. T., Harzer, C., Park, N., Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2010). Values in Action Inventory of Strengths (VIA-IS): Adaptation and validation of the German version and the development of a peer-rating form. Journal of Individual Differences, 31, 138–149. doi:10.1027/1614-0001/a000022.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Ruch, W., Proyer, R. T., & Weber, M. (2010). Humor as character strength among the elderly: Empirical findings on age-related changes and its contribution to satisfaction with life. Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie, 43, 13–18. doi:10.1007/s00391-009-0090-0.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Ruch, W., Weber, M., Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2014). Character strengths in children and adolescents: Reliability and initial validity of the German Values in Action Inventory of Strengths for Youth (German VIA-Youth). European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 30, 57–64. doi:10.1027/1015-5759/a000169.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 141–166. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 1069–1081. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Ryff, C. D. (2014). Psychological well-being revisited: Advances in the science and practice of eudaimonia. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 83, 10–28. doi:10.1159/000353263.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Ryff, C. D., & Essex, M. J. (1992). The interpretation of life experiences and well-being: The sample case of relocation. Psychology and Aging, 7, 507–517. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.7.4.507.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 719–727. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.69.4.719.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. H. (2008). Know thyself and become what you are: A eudaimonic approach to psychological wellbeing. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9, 13–39. doi:10.1007/s10902-006-9019-0.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Salama-Younes, M., Ismaïl, A., Montazeri, A., & Roncin, C. (2011). Factor structure of the French Ryff’s psychological well-being scales for active older adults. In I. Brdar (Ed.), The human pursuit of well-being: A cultural approach (pp. 203–2012). New York: Springer Science+Business Media. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-1375-8_17.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Sandín, B., Chorot, P., Lostao, L., Joiner, T. E., Santed, M. A., & Valiente, R. M. (1999). Escala PANAS de afecto positivo y negativo: validación factorial y convergencia transcultural [The PANAS Scales of positive and negative affect: Factor analytic validation and cross-cultural convergence]. Psicothema, 11, 37–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seligman, M. E. P. (2002). Authentic happiness: Using the new positive psychology to realize your potential for lasting fulfillment. New York: The Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seligman, M. E. P. (2011). Flourish: A visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being. New York: The Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55, 5–14. doi:10.1037//0003-066X.55.1.5.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Seligman, M. E. P., Steen, T. A., Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2005). Positive psychology progress: Empirical validation of interventions. American Psychologist, 60, 410–421. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.60.5.410.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Sheldon, K. M., & Elliot, A. J. (1999). Goal striving, need satisfaction, and longitudinal well-being: The self-concordance model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 482–497. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.76.3.482.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Sheldon, K. M., & Niemiec, C. P. (2006). It’s not just the amount that counts: Balanced need satisfaction also affects well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 331–341. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.91.2.331.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Shimai, S., Otake, K., Park, N., Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2006). Convergence of character strengths in American and Japanese young adults. Journal of Happiness Studies, 7, 311–322. doi:10.1007/s10902-005-3647-7.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Tangey, J. P. (2000). Humility: Theoretical perspectives, empirical findings and directions for future research. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19, 70–82. doi:10.1521/jscp.2000.19.1.70.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Van Dierendonck, D. (2005). The construct validity of Ryff’s scales of psychological well-being and its extension with spiritual well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 629–643. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00122-3.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063–1070. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Weber, M., Ruch, W., LittmanOvadia, H., Lavy, S., & Gai, O. (2013). Relationships among higher-order strengths-factors, subjective well-being, and general self-efficacy – The case of Israeli adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 55, 322–327. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2013.03.006.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Wood, A. M., Linley, A. P., Maltby, J., Kashdan, T. B., & Hurling, R. (2011). Using personal and psychological strengths leads to increases in well-being over time: A longitudinal study and the development of the strengths use questionnaire. Personality and Individual Differences, 50, 15–19. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.08.004.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Yanez, A. P. (2007). Character strengths and psychological well-being as predictors of life satisfaction among multicultural populations (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 3244003).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Section on Psychological Assessment, Department of Psychology, University of Kassel, Holländische Str. 36-38, 34127, Kassel, Germany

    Claudia Harzer

Authors
  1. Claudia Harzer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Claudia Harzer .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway

    Joar Vittersø

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Harzer, C. (2016). The Eudaimonics of Human Strengths: The Relations Between Character Strengths and Well-Being. In: Vittersø, J. (eds) Handbook of Eudaimonic Well-Being. International Handbooks of Quality-of-Life. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42445-3_20

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42445-3_20

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-42443-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-42445-3

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)