Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Transfusion and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Pathogenesis and Potential Mechanisms

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Hematologic Abnormalities and Acute Lung Syndromes

Part of the book series: Respiratory Medicine ((RM))

  • 831 Accesses

Abstract

The association between blood transfusion and lung injury is a consistent finding in experimental and clinical research. The presence of an inflammatory condition appears to be a prerequisite, which translated to specific patient risk factors, includes trauma, sepsis, shock, specific surgery, and other conditions frequently encountered in the critically ill and injured patient population. Causes related to the transfusion involve neutrophil antibodies and other pro-inflammatory substances in the blood product, which are as yet not fully identified. Symptoms can range from mild hypoxemia to overt acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), occurring acutely or after some delay following transfusion. In this chapter, an explanatory model is proposed for the pathogenesis of lung injury following transfusion.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Marik PE, Corwin H. Efficacy of red blood cell transfusion in the critically ill: a systematic review of the literature. Crit Care Med. 2008;36(9):2667–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Hod EA, Zhang N, Sokol SA, Wojczyk BS, Francis RO, Ansaldi D, et al. Transfusion of red blood cells after prolonged storage produces harmful effects that are mediated by iron and inflammation. Blood. 2010;115(21):4284–92.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Silliman CC, Bjornsen AJ, Wyman TH, Kelher M, Allard J, Bieber S, et al. Plasma and lipids from stored platelets cause acute lung injury in an animal model. Transfusion. 2003;43(5):633–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Silliman CC, Kelher MR, Khan SY, Lasarre M, West FB, Land KJ, et al. Experimental prestorage filtration removes antibodies and decreases lipids in Rbc supernatants mitigating TRALI in vivo. Blood. 2014;123(22):3488–95.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Silliman CC, Voelkel NF, Allard JD, Elzi DJ, Tuder RM, Johnson J, et al. Plasma and lipids from stored packed red blood cells cause acute lung injury in an animal model. J Clin Invest. 1998;101(7):1458–67.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Vlaar AP, Hofstra JJ, Kulik W, Van LH, Nieuwland R, Schultz MJ, et al. Supernatant of stored platelets causes lung inflammation and coagulopathy in a novel in vivo transfusion model. Blood. 2010;116(8):1360–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Vlaar AP, Hofstra JJ, Levi M, Kulik W, Nieuwland R, Tool AT, et al. Supernatant of aged erythrocytes causes lung inflammation and coagulopathy in a “two-hit” in vivo syngeneic transfusion model. Anesthesiology. 2010;113(1):92–103.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Vlaar AP, Cornet AD, Hofstra JJ, Porcelijn L, Beishuizen A, Kulik W, et al. The effect of blood transfusion on pulmonary permeability in cardiac surgery patients: a prospective multicenter cohort study. Transfusion. 2012;52(1):82–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Toy P, Bacchetti P, Grimes B, Gajic O, Murphy E, Winters J, et al. Recipient clinical risk factors predominate in possible transfusion-related acute lung injury. Transfusion. 2015;55(5):947–52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Kleinman S, Caulfield T, Chan P, Davenport R, Mcfarland J, Mcphedran S, et al. Toward an understanding of transfusion-related acute lung injury: statement of a consensus panel. Transfusion. 2004;44(12):1774–89.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Fadeyi EA, De Los Angeles MM, Wayne AS, Klein HG, Leitman SF, Stroncek DF. The transfusion of neutrophil-specific antibodies causes leukopenia and a broad spectrum of pulmonary reactions. Transfusion. 2007;47(3):545–50.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Dry SM, Bechard KM, Milford EL, Churchill WH, Benjamin RJ. The pathology of transfusion-related acute lung injury. Am J Clin Pathol. 1999;112(2):216–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Kopko PM, Popovsky MA, Mackenzie MR, Paglieroni TG, Muto KN, Holland PV. HLA class II antibodies in transfusion-related acute lung injury. Transfusion. 2001;41(10):1244–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Nicolle AL, Chapman CE, Carter V, Wallis JP. Transfusion-related acute lung injury caused by two donors with anti-human leucocyte antigen class II antibodies: a look-back investigation. Transfus Med. 2004;14(3):225–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Toy P, Hollis-Perry KM, Jun J, Nakagawa M. Recipients of blood from a donor with multiple HLA antibodies: a lookback study of transfusion-related acute lung injury. Transfusion. 2004;44(12):1683–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Silliman CC, Boshkov LK, Mehdizadehkashi Z, Elzi DJ, Dickey WO, Podlosky L, et al. Transfusion-related acute lung injury: epidemiology and a prospective analysis of etiologic factors. Blood. 2003;101(2):454–62.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Vlaar AP, Hofstra JJ, Determann RM, Veelo DP, Paulus F, Kulik W, et al. The incidence, risk factors, and outcome of transfusion-related acute lung injury in a cohort of cardiac surgery patients: a prospective nested case-control study. Blood. 2011;117(16):4218–25.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Lacroix J, Hebert PC, Fergusson DA, Tinmouth A, Cook DJ, Marshall JC, et al. Age of transfused blood in critically ill adults. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(15):1410–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Vlaar AP, Binnekade JM, Prins D, Van SD, Hofstra JJ, Schultz MJ, et al. Risk factors and outcome of transfusion-related acute lung injury in the critically ill: a nested case-control study. Crit Care Med. 2010;38(3):771–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Mulder HD, Augustijn QJ, Van Woensel JB, Bos AP, Juffermans NP, Wosten-Van Asperen RM. Incidence, risk factors, and outcome of transfusion-related acute lung injury in critically ill children: a retrospective study. J Crit Care. 2015;30(1):55–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Toy P, Gajic O, Bacchetti P, Looney MR, Gropper MA, Hubmayr R, et al. Transfusion-related acute lung injury: incidence and risk factors. Blood. 2012;119(7):1757–67.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Vlaar AP, Hofstra JJ, Determann RM, Veelo DP, Paulus F, Levi M, et al. Transfusion-related acute lung injury in cardiac surgery patients is characterized by pulmonary inflammation and coagulopathy: a prospective nested case-control study. Crit Care Med. 2012;40(10):2813–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Vlaar AP, Wolthuis EK, Hofstra JJ, Roelofs JJ, Boon L, Schultz MJ, et al. Mechanical ventilation aggravates transfusion-related acute lung injury induced by Mhc-I class antibodies. Intensive Care Med. 2010;36(5):879–87.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Kor DJ, Lingineni RK, Gajic O, Park PK, Blum JM, Hou PC, et al. Predicting risk of postoperative lung injury in high-risk surgical patients: a multicenter cohort study. Anesthesiology. 2014;120(5):1168–81.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  25. Win N, Chapman CE, Bowles KM, Green A, Bradley S, Edmondson D, et al. How much residual plasma may cause TRALI? Transfus Med. 2008;18(5):276–80.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Fadeyi EA, Adams S, Sheldon S, Leitman SF, Wesley R, Klein HG, et al. A preliminary comparison of the prevalence of transfusion reactions in recipients of platelet components from donors with and without human leucocyte antigen antibodies. Vox Sang. 2008;94(4):324–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Kopko PM, Paglieroni TG, Popovsky MA, Muto KN, Mackenzie MR, Holland PV. TRALI: correlation of antigen-antibody and monocyte activation in donor-recipient pairs. Transfusion. 2003;43(2):177–84.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Porretti L, Cattaneo A, Coluccio E, Mantione E, Colombo F, Mariani M, et al. Implementation and outcomes of a transfusion-related acute lung injury surveillance programme and study of Hla/Hna alloimmunisation in blood donors. Blood Transfus. 2012;10(3):351–9.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Zupanska B, Uhrynowska M, Michur H, Maslanka K, Zajko M. Transfusion-related acute lung injury and leucocyte-reacting antibodies. Vox Sang. 2007;93(1):70–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Densmore TL, Goodnough LT, Ali S, Dynis M, Chaplin H. Prevalence of HLA sensitization in female apheresis donors. Transfusion. 1999;39(1):103–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Palfi M, Berg S, Ernerudh J, Berlin G. A randomized controlled trial of transfusion-related acute lung injury: is plasma from multiparous blood donors dangerous? Transfusion. 2001;41(3):317–22.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Muller MC, Van Stein D, Binnekade JM, Van Rhenen DJ, Vlaar AP. Low-risk transfusion-related acute lung injury donor strategies and the impact on the onset of transfusion-related acute lung injury: a meta-analysis. Transfusion. 2015;55(1):164–75.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Schmickl CN, Mastrobuoni S, Filippidis FT, Shah S, Radic J, Murad MH, et al. Male-predominant plasma transfusion strategy for preventing transfusion-related acute lung injury: a systematic review. Crit Care Med. 2015;43(1):205–25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Looney MR, Su X, Van Ziffle JA, Lowell CA, Matthay MA. Neutrophils and their Fc gamma receptors are essential in a mouse model of transfusion-related acute lung injury. J Clin Invest. 2006;116(6):1615–23.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  35. Looney MR, Nguyen JX, Hu Y, Van Ziffle JA, Lowell CA, Matthay MA. Platelet depletion and aspirin treatment protect mice in a two-event model of transfusion-related acute lung injury. J Clin Invest. 2009;119(11):3450–61.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  36. Strait R, Hicks W, Barasa N, Mahler A, Khodoun M, Kohl J, et al. Mhc class I-specific antibody binding to nonhematopoietic cells drives complement activation to induce transfusion-related acute lung injury in mice. J Exp Med. 2011;208(12):2525–44.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  37. Dykes A, Smallwood D, Kotsimbos T, Street A. Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) in a patient with a single lung transplant. Br J Haematol. 2000;109(3):674–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Wakamoto S, Fujihara M, Takahashi D, Niwa K, Sato S, Kato T, et al. Enhancement of endothelial permeability by coculture with peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the presence of HLA class II antibody that was associated with transfusion-related acute lung injury. Transfusion. 2011;51(5):993–1001.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Sachs UJ, Wasel W, Bayat B, Bohle RM, Hattar K, Berghofer H, et al. Mechanism of transfusion-related acute lung injury induced by HLA class II antibodies. Blood. 2011;117(2):669–77.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Seeger W, Schneider U, Kreusler B, Von WE, Walmrath D, Grimminger F, et al. Reproduction of transfusion-related acute lung injury in an ex vivo lung model. Blood. 1990;76(7):1438–44.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Kelher MR, Masuno T, Moore EE, Damle S, Meng X, Song Y, et al. Plasma from stored packed red blood cells and MHC class I antibodies causes acute lung injury in a 2-event in vivo rat model. Blood. 2009;113(9):2079–87.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  42. Silliman CC, Paterson AJ, Dickey WO, Stroneck DF, Popovsky MA, Caldwell SA, et al. The association of biologically active lipids with the development of transfusion-related acute lung injury: a retrospective study. Transfusion. 1997;37(7):719–26.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Gajic O, Rana R, Winters JL, Yilmaz M, Mendez JL, Rickman OB, et al. Transfusion related acute lung injury in the critically ill: prospective nested case-control study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007;176(9):886–91.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  44. Silliman CC, Moore EE, Kelher MR, Khan SY, Gellar L, Elzi DJ. Identification of lipids that accumulate during the routine storage of prestorage leukoreduced red blood cells and cause acute lung injury. Transfusion. 2011;51(12):2549–54.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  45. Khan SY, Kelher MR, Heal JM, Blumberg N, Boshkov LK, Phipps R, et al. Soluble Cd40 ligand accumulates in stored blood components, primes neutrophils through Cd40, and is a potential cofactor in the development of transfusion-related acute lung injury. Blood. 2006;108(7):2455–62.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  46. Tung JP, Fraser JF, Nataatmadja M, Colebourne KI, Barnett AG, Glenister KM, et al. Age of blood and recipient factors determine the severity of transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI). Crit Care. 2012;16(1):R19.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  47. Tuinman PR, Gerards MC, Jongsma G, Vlaar AP, Boon L, Juffermans NP. Lack of evidence of Cd40 ligand involvement in transfusion-related acute lung injury. Clin Exp Immunol. 2011;165(2):278–84.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  48. Tuinman PR, Vlaar AP, Cornet AD, Hofstra JJ, Levi M, Meijers JC, et al. Blood transfusion during cardiac surgery is associated with inflammation and coagulation in the lung: a case control study. Crit Care. 2011;15(1):R59.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  49. Mangalmurti NS, Xiong Z, Hulver M, Ranganathan M, Liu XH, Oriss T, et al. Loss of red cell chemokine scavenging promotes transfusion-related lung inflammation. Blood. 2009;113(5):1158–66.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  50. Gelderman MP, Chi X, Zhi L, Vostal JG. Ultraviolet B light-exposed human platelets mediate acute lung injury in a two-event mouse model of transfusion. Transfusion. 2011;51(11):2343–57.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Chi X, Zhi L, Vostal JG. Human platelets pathogen reduced with riboflavin and ultraviolet light do not cause acute lung injury in a two-event SCID mouse model. Transfusion. 2014;54(1):74–85.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Silliman CC, Dickey WO, Paterson AJ, Thurman GW, Clay KL, Johnson CA, et al. Analysis of the priming activity of lipids generated during routine storage of platelet concentrates. Transfusion. 1996;36(2):133–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Thomas GM, Carbo C, Curtis BR, Martinod K, Mazo IB, Schatzberg D, et al. Extracellular DNA traps are associated with the pathogenesis of TRALI in humans and mice. Blood. 2012;119(26):6335–43.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  54. Bux J, Sachs UJ. The pathogenesis of transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI). Br J Haematol. 2007;136(6):788–99.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Hebert PC, Wells G, Blajchman MA, Marshall J, Martin C, Pagliarello G, et al. A Multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial of transfusion requirements in critical care. transfusion requirements in critical care investigators, Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. N Engl J Med. 1999;340(6):409–17.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Villanueva C, Colomo A, Bosch A, Concepcion M, Hernandez-Gea V, Aracil C, et al. Transfusion strategies for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(1):11–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Marik PE, Corwin H. Acute lung injury following blood transfusion: expanding the definition. Crit Care Med. 2008;36(11):3080–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Federici AB, Vanelli C, Arrigoni L. Transfusion issues in cancer patients. Thrombosis Res. 2012;129 Suppl 1:S60–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Croce MA, Tolley EA, Claridge JA, Fabian TC. Transfusions result in pulmonary morbidity and death after a moderate degree of injury. J Trauma. 2005;59(1):19–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Zilberberg MD, Carter C, Lefebvre P, Raut M, Vekeman F, Duh MS, et al. Red blood cell transfusions and the risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome among the critically ill: a cohort study. Crit Care. 2007;11(3):R63.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  61. Balvers K, Wirtz MR, Van Dieren S, Goslings JC, Juffermans NP. Risk factors for trauma-induced coagulopathy- and transfusion-associated multiple organ failure in severely injured trauma patients. Front Med. 2015;2:24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Rana R, Fernandez-Perez ER, Khan SA, Rana S, Winters JL, Lesnick TG, et al. Transfusion-related acute lung injury and pulmonary edema in critically ill patients: a retrospective study. Transfusion. 2006;46(9):1478–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Tards N. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:1301–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Sadis C, Dubois MJ, Melot C, Lambermont M, Vincent JL. Are multiple blood transfusions really a cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome? Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2007;24(4):355–61.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Holcomb JB, Tilley BC, Baraniuk S, Fox EE, Wade CE, Podbielski JM, et al. Transfusion of plasma, platelets, and red blood cells in a 1:1:1 vs a 1:1:2 ratio and mortality in patients with severe trauma: the PROPPR randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2015;313(5):471–82.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  66. Khan H, Belsher J, Yilmaz M, Afessa B, Winters JL, Moore SB, et al. Fresh-frozen plasma and platelet transfusions are associated with development of acute lung injury in critically ill medical patients. Chest. 2007;131(5):1308–14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Wright SE, Snowden CP, Athey SC, Leaver AA, Clarkson JM, Chapman CE, et al. Acute lung injury after ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: the effect of excluding donations from females from the production of fresh frozen plasma. Crit Care Med. 2008;36(6):1796–802.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Plurad D, Belzberg H, Schulman I, Green D, Salim A, Inaba K, et al. Leukoreduction is associated with a decreased incidence of late onset acute respiratory distress syndrome after injury. Am Surg. 2008;74(2):117–23.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Maslanka K, Uhrynowska M, Lopacz P, Wrobel A, Smolenska-Sym G, Guz K, et al. Analysis of leucocyte antibodies, cytokines, lysophospholipids and cell microparticles in blood components implicated in post-transfusion reactions with dyspnoea. Vox Sang. 2015;108(1):27–36.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Hidalgo A, Chang J, Jang JE, Peired AJ, Chiang EY, Frenette PS. Heterotypic interactions enabled by polarized neutrophil microdomains mediate thromboinflammatory injury. Nat Med. 2009;15(4):384–91.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  71. Kiefmann R, Heckel K, Schenkat S, Dorger M, Goetz AE. Role of P-selectin in platelet sequestration in pulmonary capillaries during endotoxemia. J Vasc Res. 2006;43(5):473–81.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Tuinman PR, Vlaar AP, Binnenkade JM, Juffermans NP. The effect of aspirin in transfusion-related acute lung injury in critically ill patients. Anaesthesia. 2012;67(6):594–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Danielson C, Benjamin RJ, Mangano MM, Mills CJ, Waxman DA. Pulmonary pathology of rapidly fatal transfusion-related acute lung injury reveals minimal evidence of diffuse alveolar damage or alveolar granulocyte infiltration. Transfusion. 2008;48(11):2401–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Roubinian NH, Looney MR, Kor DJ, Lowell CA, Gajic O, Hubmayr RD, et al. Cytokines and clinical predictors in distinguishing pulmonary transfusion reactions. Transfusion. 2015;55(8):1838–46.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  75. Wiedemann HP, Wheeler AP, Bernard GR, Thompson BT, Hayden D, Deboisblanc B, et al. Comparison of two fluid-management strategies in acute lung injury. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(24):2564–75.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Park PK, Cannon JW, Ye W, Blackbourne LH, Holcomb JB, Beninati W, et al. Transfusion strategies and development of acute respiratory distress syndrome in combat casualty care. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2013;75(2 Suppl 2):S238–46.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Nicole P. Juffermans MD, PhD & Alexander P. Vlaar MD, PhD

Authors
  1. Nicole P. Juffermans MD, PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Alexander P. Vlaar MD, PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nicole P. Juffermans MD, PhD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

    Janet S. Lee

  2. Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

    Michael P. Donahoe

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Juffermans, N.P., Vlaar, A.P. (2017). Transfusion and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Pathogenesis and Potential Mechanisms. In: Lee, J., Donahoe, M. (eds) Hematologic Abnormalities and Acute Lung Syndromes. Respiratory Medicine. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41912-1_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41912-1_10

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-41910-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-41912-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation