Biogeochemical Engineering and Development of Biogeochemical Technologies

Abstract

Study of fundamental mechanisms of biogeochemical cycles is resulted in the formation at the intersection of fundamental and applied researches a new field of research—biogeochemical engineering, within which is developing the biogeochemical innovative technologies, namely technologies and technological processes based on the modeling and management of ecosystem biogeochemical cycles, including fundamental biogeochemical mechanisms of formation of geo-environmental risks. In this case, the geo-ecological risk refers to the interdependent impact of the oil and gas industry on the environment, as well as the impact of the environment on the functioning of the industry and health of employees. Taking into consideration the extremely diverse environmental conditions in existing and prospective areas of development of the oil and gas industry of Russia (the Yamal Peninsula, Eastern Siberia, and the shelf of Arctic and North-East seas), it is necessary to consider geo-ecological factors of soil, biogeochemical, relief position, sedimentary, geodynamic and geophysical nature. It allows one to solve fundamental and applied tasks of risk management, including system analysis and quantification. These biogeochemical technologies are used for managing geo-environmental risks in the oil and gas sector. Accordingly, new relevant techniques of assessing and managing geo-ecological risks are exampled for some gas-condensate fields in the Polar region.