Abstract
We report two experiments that investigated the impact of reduced visual updating speed on users’ motor performance in a Fitts’-law task. The update rate of visual feedback was set between 10 and 30 Hz. In Experiment 1, the trials were blocked by update rate, allowing participants to get adapted to the reduced visual feedback. In Experiment 2, all trials of different update rates were intermixed and presented in random order. Both experiments found that movement time increased with decreasing update rate. Regression analyses revealed that the Fitts’-law model could be extended to accommodate the findings by including a multiplicative component of frame interval (reciprocal of update rate). The participants’ subjective experience reduced rapidly when the update rate was lower than 20 Hz, and the rating data could be modelled using movement time. The results were discussed in the context of implications for developing VR/AR applications.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Arikatla, V., Ortiz, R., Thompson, D., Adams, D., Enquobahrie, A., De, S.: A hybrid approach to simulate tissue behavior during surgical simulation. In: 4th International Conference on Computational and Mathematical Biomedical Engineering—CMBE2015 (2015)
Sheridan, T.B.: Telerobotics, Automation, and Human Supervisory Control. MIT Press, Cambridge (1992)
Apteker, R., Fisher, J., Kisimov, V., Neishlos, H.: Video acceptability and frame rate. IEEE Multimedia 2(3), 32–40 (1995)
Steinmetz, R.: Human perception of jitter and media synchronization. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 14(1), 61–72 (1996)
Steinicke, F., Bruder, G.A.: Self-experimentation report about long-term use of fully-immersive technology. In: Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Symposium on Spatial User Interaction, pp. 66–69 (2014)
Aaron, S.L., Stein, R.B.: Comparison of an EMG-controlled prosthesis and the normal human biceps brachii muscle. Am. J. Phys. Med. 55, 1–14 (1976)
Brooks, T.: Telerobotic response requirements. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, pp. 113–120 (1990)
Airey, J., Rohlf, J., Frederick, P.: Towards image realism with interactive update rates in complex virtual building environments. In: SI3D ’90: Proceedings of the 1990 Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics, pp. 41–50 (1990)
Pausch, R.: Virtual reality on five dollars a day. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 265–269 (1991)
Mark, W.R., Randolph, S.C., Finch, M., Verth, J.: Adding force feedback to graphics system: issues and solutions. In: Proceedings of the 23rd Conference on Computer Graphics, pp. 447–452 (1996)
Bryson, S.: Effects of lag and frame rate on various tracking tasks. In: Proceedings of SPIE, Stereoscopic Displays Appl. IV, vol. 1925, pp. 155–166 (1993)
Ware, C., Balakrishnan, R.: Reaching for objects in VR displays: Lag and frame rate. ACM Trans. Comput. Hum. Interact. 1(4), 331–357 (1994)
Fitts, P.M.: The information capacity of the human motor system in controlling the amplitude of movement. J. Exp. Psychol. 47(6), 381–391 (1954)
MacKenzie, S., Ware, C.: Lag as a determinant of human performance in interactive systems. In: Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems—INTERCHI, pp. 488–493 (1993)
Brady, K.: Taking Fitts’ slow: the effects of delayed visual feedback on human motor performance and user experience. M.S. thesis, Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ (2015)
Watson, B., Spaulding, V., Walker, N., Ribarsky, W.: Evaluation of the effects of frame rate variation on VR task performance. In: Proceedings of IEEE Virtual Reality Annual Symposium, pp. 38–44 (1997)
Watson, B., Walker, N., Ribarsky, W., Spaulding, V.: Effects of variation in system responsiveness on user performance in virtual environments. Hum. Factors 40(3), 403–414 (1998)
Acknowledgments
The work was supported in part by NIH grants 5R00EB008710 & 9R44OD018334.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this paper
Cite this paper
Sim, S.H., Wu, B., Brady, K., Enquobahrie, A., Ortiz, R., Arikatla, S. (2017). Quantifying the Effects of Reduced Update Rate on Motor Performance and User Experience. In: Soares, M., Falcão, C., Ahram, T. (eds) Advances in Ergonomics Modeling, Usability & Special Populations. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 486. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41685-4_23
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41685-4_23
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-41684-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-41685-4
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)