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Stress, Exercise, and Epigenetic Modulation of Cancer

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Epigenetics, Energy Balance, and Cancer

Part of the book series: Energy Balance and Cancer ((EBAC,volume 11))

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Abstract

The term epigenetics is generally referred to phenotype modifications occurring in the DNA or the chromatin’s structure, which may influence the transcription of many genes independently of their primary nucleotide sequences. Although epigenetics is still in its infancy in the field of physical exercise, some studies convincingly suggest that epigenetic regulations may play an important role in modulating the favorable effects of exercise on development and progression of cancer. Several lines of evidence demonstrated that regular physical activity decreased the risk of several types of malignancies, and some of these beneficial effects are seemingly mediated by epigenetic modifications. More specifically, it has been clearly demonstrated that physical exercise is effective to induce histone modifications, methylation and acetylation of DNA, modulatory expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), as well as additional influences on proteins and biological pathways implicated in cancer biology such as tumor suppressor p53, lipoprotein(a), and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). Although the available evidence does not support the notion that exercise-induced epigenetic changes always follow a unidirectional path in terms of cancer risk, the favorable effects of reduced cancer development and progression probably overwhelm cancer-promoting activities. If preliminary findings are confirmed in larger studies, physical exercise may hence be regarded as an appealing perspective for reducing the risk of cancer in different populations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. U.O Diagnostica Ematochimica, Azienda Ospedaliero—Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy

    Giuseppe Lippi M.D.

  2. Clinical Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Piazzale LA Scuro 10, Verona, 37134, Italy

    Elisa Danese Ph.D.

  3. Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre (‘i+12’), 6th Floor, Laboratories Sector, CAA Building, Avda. de, Córdoba, 28041, Madrid, Spain

    Fabian Sanchis-Gomar M.D., Ph.D.

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  1. Giuseppe Lippi M.D.
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  2. Elisa Danese Ph.D.
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  3. Fabian Sanchis-Gomar M.D., Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Giuseppe Lippi M.D. .

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  1. Center for Science, Health & Society, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA

    Nathan A. Berger

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Lippi, G., Danese, E., Sanchis-Gomar, F. (2016). Stress, Exercise, and Epigenetic Modulation of Cancer. In: Berger, N. (eds) Epigenetics, Energy Balance, and Cancer. Energy Balance and Cancer, vol 11. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41610-6_6

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