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Sanguinarine and Its Role in Chronic Diseases

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Anti-inflammatory Nutraceuticals and Chronic Diseases

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 928))

Abstract

The use of natural products derived from plants as medicines precedes even the recorded human history. In the past few years there were renewed interests in developing natural compounds and understanding their target specificity for drug development for many devastating human diseases. This has been possible due to remarkable advancements in the development of sensitive chemistry and biology tools. Sanguinarine is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid derived from rhizomes of the plant species Sanguinaria canadensis. The alkaloid can exist in the cationic iminium and neutral alkanolamine forms. Sanguinarine is an excellent DNA and RNA intercalator where only the iminium ion binds. Both forms of the alkaloid, however, shows binding to functional proteins like serum albumins, lysozyme and hemoglobin. The molecule is endowed with remarkable biological activities and large number of studies on its various activities has been published potentiating its development as a therapeutic agent particularly for chronic human diseases like cancer, asthma, etc. In this article, we review the properties of this natural alkaloid, and its diverse medicinal applications in relation to how it modulates cell death signaling pathways and induce apoptosis through different ways, its utility as a therapeutic agent for chronic diseases and its biological effects in animal and human models. These data may be useful to understand the therapeutic potential of this important and highly abundant alkaloid that may aid in the development of sanguinarine-based therapeutic agents with high efficacy and specificity.

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Acknowledgments

GSK acknowledges the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Govt. of India for funding the research activities through network projects NWP0036 and GenCODE (BSC0123). GSK sincerely thanks Dr. M. Maiti, Ex. Scientist of CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, who initiated and introduced him to the research on sanguinarine at the Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, and also all the graduate students who have contributed to the understanding of the chemistry and biochemistry of the alkaloid. PB is a NET-Senior Research Fellow of the University Grants Commission, Govt. of India.

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  1. Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India

    Pritha Basu & Gopinatha Suresh Kumar

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  1. Pritha Basu
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  2. Gopinatha Suresh Kumar
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Correspondence to Gopinatha Suresh Kumar .

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  1. Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Subash Chandra Gupta

  2. MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA

    Sahdeo Prasad

  3. Anti-Inflammation Research Institute, San Diego, California, USA

    Bharat B. Aggarwal

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Basu, P., Kumar, G.S. (2016). Sanguinarine and Its Role in Chronic Diseases. In: Gupta, S., Prasad, S., Aggarwal, B. (eds) Anti-inflammatory Nutraceuticals and Chronic Diseases. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 928. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41334-1_7

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