Abstract
How do extreme television media affect policy attitudes and behavior? Are extreme television media different from their partisan or mainstream brethren? Are their effects more powerful? Using multiple datasets from the National Annenberg Election Study and a multimethod approach, Taylor shows how extreme media are correlated with policy attitudes on immigration, and frequency of discussing politics. Taylor shows that extreme media cause viewers to become advocates for candidates, but extreme media are not significant predictors of formal political behaviors like voting, working for a campaign, or online campaign activity. These findings show the complexity and nuance of extreme television media effects on normatively valuable aspects of politics. Extreme television media help citizens engage in political expression, but do create problematic effects such as attitude polarization.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Bibliography
Adamic, Lada A., and Natalie Glance. 2005. The Political Blogosphere and the 2004 U.S. Election: Divided They Blog. In Annual Workshop on the Weblogging Ecosystem, 36–43. Chiba, Japan.
Andreas, Peter. 2012. Border Games: Policing the U.S.-Mexico Divide. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Ansolabehere, Stephen, and Shanto Iyengar. 1996. Going Negative: How Political Advertisements Shrink and Polarize the Electorate. New York: The Free Press.
Arceneaux, Kevin, and Martin Johnson. 2013. Changing Minds or Changing Channels?: Partisan News in an Age of Choice. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Baum, Matthew A. 2003a. Soft News and Political Knowledge: Evidence of Absence or Absence of Evidence? Political Communication 20: 173–190.
——— 2003b. Soft News Goes to War: Public Opinion and American Foreign Policy in the New Media Age. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Berry, Jeffrey M., and Sarah Sobieraj. 2013. The Outrage Industry: Political Opinion Media and the New Incivility. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Bond, Robert M., and Solomon Messing. 2015. Quantifying Social Media’s Political Space: Estimating Ideology from Publicly Revealed Preferences on Facebook. American Political Science Review 109(01): 62–78. doi:10.1017/S0003055414000525.
Bond, Robert M., Christopher J. Fariss, Jason J. Jones, Adam D.I. Kramer, Cameron Marlow, Jaime E. Settle, and James H. Fowler. 2012. A 61-Million-Person Experiment in Social Influence and Political Mobilization. Nature 489(7415): 295–298. doi:10.1038/nature11421.
Borooah, Vani K. 2002. Logit and Probit: Ordered and Multinomial Models. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Branton, Regina, Gavin Dillingham, Johanna Dunaway, and Beth Miller. 2007. Anglo Voting on Nativist Ballot Initiatives: The Partisan Impact of Spatial Proximity to the U.S.-Mexico Border. Social Science Quarterly 88(3): 882–897. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6237.2007.00488.x.
Burns, Peter, and James Gimple. 2000. Economic Insecurity, Prejudicial Stereotypes, and Public Opinion on Immigration Policy. Political Science Quarterly 115: 201–225.
Bush. 2006. Bush’s Speech on Immigration. The New York Times, May 15, sec. Washington. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/15/washington/15text-bush.html.
Campbell, Angus, Philip E. Converse, Warren E. Miller, and Donald E. Stokes. 1960. The American Voter. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Citrin, Jack, Donald P. Green, Christopher Muste, and Cara Wong. 1997. Public Opinion Toward Immigration Reform: The Role of Economic Motivations. The Journal of Politics 59: 858–881.
Cobb, Michael D., and James H. Kuklinski. 1997. Changing Minds: Political Arguments and Political Persuasion. American Journal of Political Science 41(1): 88–121. doi:10.2307/2111710.
Coppock, Alexander, Andrew Guess, and John Ternovski. 2015. When Treatments Are Tweets: A Network Mobilization Experiment over Twitter. Political Behavior 38(1): 105–128. doi:10.1007/s11109-015-9308-6.
Cornelius, Wayne A., and Marc R. Rosenblum. 2005. Immigration and Politics. Annual Review of Political Science 8(1): 99–119. doi:10.1146/annurev.polisci.8.082103.104854.
Dalton, Russell J. 2015. The Good Citizen: How a Younger Generation Is Reshaping American Politics. Washington, DC: CQ Press.
Dilliplane, Susanna. 2011. All the News You Want to Hear: The Impact of Partisan News Exposure on Political Participation. Public Opinion Quarterly 75: 287–316.
Dilliplane, Susanna, Seth K. Goldman, and Diana C. Mutz. 2013. Televised Exposure to Politics: New Measures for a Fragmented Media Environment. American Journal of Political Science 57(1): 236–248. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00600.x.
Drezner, Daniel W., and Henry Farrell. 2007. Introduction: Blogs, Politics and Power: A Special Issue of Public Choice. Public Choice 134(1–2): 1–13. doi:10.1007/s11127-007-9206-5.
Espenshade, Thomas J., and Katherine Hempstead. 1996. Contemporary American Attitudes Toward U.S. Immigration. The International Migration Review 30(2): 535–570. doi:10.2307/2547393.
Esses, Victoria M., Paula M. Brochu, and Karen R. Dickson. 2012. Economic Costs, Economic Benefits, and Attitudes Toward Immigrants and Immigration. Analyses of Social Issues & Public Policy 12(1): 133–137. doi:10.1111/j.1530-2415.2011.01269.x.
Eveland, William P., and Dietram A. Scheufele. 2000. Connecting News Media Use with Gaps in Knowledge and Participation. Political Communication 17(3): 215–237.
Farrell, Henry. 2012. The Consequences of the Internet for Politics. Annual Review of Political Science 15(1): 35–52. doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-030810-110815.
Freedman, Paul, Michael Franz, and Kenneth Goldstein. 2004. Campaign Advertising and Democratic Citizenship. American Journal of Political Science 48(4): 723–741.
Fryberg, Stephanie A., Nicole M. Stephens, Rebecca Covarrubias, Hazel Rose Markus, Erin D. Carter, Giselle A. Laiduc, and Ana J. Salido. 2012. How the Media Frames the Immigration Debate: The Critical Role of Location and Politics. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy 12(1): 96–112. doi:10.1111/j.1530-2415.2011.01259.x.
Geer, John G. 2006. In Defense of Negativity: Attack Ads in Presidential Campaigns. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Gerber, Alan S., and Donald P. Green. 2000. The Effects of Canvassing, Telephone Calls, and Direct Mail on Voter Turnout: A Field Experiment. American Political Science Review 94(03): 653–663. doi:10.2307/2585837.
Gilbert, E., T. Bergstrom, and K. Karahalios. 2009. Blogs Are Echo Chambers: Blogs Are Echo Chambers. In 42nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2009. HICSS ’09, 1–10. doi:10.1109/HICSS.2009.91.
Goo, Sara Kehaulani. 2015. What Americans Want to Do About Illegal Immigration. Pew Research Center, August 24. http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/08/24/what-americans-want-to-do-about-illegal-immigration/.
Gujarati, Damodar, and Dawn Porter. 2008. Basic Econometrics, 5th ed. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill Education.
Habermas, Jurgen. 2006. Political Communication in Media Society: Does Democracy Still Enjoy an Epistemic Dimension? The Impact of Normative Theory on Empirical Research. Communication Theory 16: 411–426.
Hart, Roderick P. 1999. Seducing America: How Television Charms the Modern Voter, Revised. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Huckfeldt, Robert, and John Sprague. 1995. Citizens, Politics and Social Communication: Information and Influence in an Election Campaign. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Huckfeldt, Robert, Paul E. Johnson, and John Sprague. 2004. Political Disagreement: The Survival of Diverse Opinions within Communication Networks. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Iyengar, Shanto, and Donald R. Kinder. 1987. News That Matters: Television and American Opinion, Updated Edition. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Janis, Eleni Delimpaltadaki. 2013. The State of Media Coverage of Immigration 2012–2013 | The Opportunity Agenda. http://opportunityagenda.org/media_scan_report.
Kahn, Richard, and Douglas Kellner. 2004. New Media and Internet Activism: From the ‘Battle of Seattle’ to Blogging. New Media & Society 6(1): 87–95. doi:10.1177/1461444804039908.
Kuhn, Thomas S. 2012. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions: 50th Anniversary Edition. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Lau, Richard R., Richard A. Smith, and Susan T. Fiske. 1991. Political Beliefs, Policy Interpretations, and Political Persuasion. The Journal of Politics 53(03): 646–675. doi:10.2307/2131574.
Levendusky, Matthew. 2013a. How Partisan Media Polarize America. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Levendusky, Matthew S. 2013b. Why Do Partisan Media Polarize Viewers? American Journal of Political Science 57(July): 611–623. doi:10.1111/ajps.12008.
Lewis-Beck, Michael S., William G. Jacoby, Helmut Norpoth, and Herbert F. Weisberg. 2009. The American Voter Revisited. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
Mayda, Anna Maria. 2004. Who Is Against Immigration?: A Cross-Country Investigation of Individual Attitudes toward Immigrants. 1115. IZA Discussion Paper Series. Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). http://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/20350/1/dp1115.pdf.
Mooney, Alex. 2013. Unions Could Again Be Key to Immigration Reform – CNNPolitics.com. CNN, February 6. http://www.cnn.com/2013/02/05/politics/immigration-reform-unions/index.html.
Mutz, Diana C. 1998. Impersonal Influence: How Perceptions of Mass Collectives Affect Political Attitudes. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
——— 2006. Hearing the Other Side: Deliberative Versus Participatory Democracy. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Newport, Frank. 2015. American Public Opinion and Immigration. Gallup.com, July 15. http://www.gallup.com/opinion/polling-matters/184262/american-public-opinion-immigration.aspx.
Osborn, Tracy, Scott D. McClurg, and Benjamin Knoll. 2010. Voter Mobilization and the Obama Victory. American Politics Research 38(2): 211–232. doi:10.1177/1532673X09359131.
Pantoja, Adrian. 2006. Against The Tide? Core American Values and Attitudes Toward US Immigration Policy in the Mid-1990s. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 32(3): 515–531. doi:10.1080/13691830600555111.
Petty, Richard E., and John T. Cacioppo. 1984. The Effects of Involvement on Responses to Argument Quantity and Quality: Central and Peripheral Routes to Persuasion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 46(1): 69–81. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.46.1.69.
Pole, Antoinette. 2010. Blogging the Political: Politics and Participation in a Networked Society. New York, NY: Routledge.
Prior, Markus. 2007. Post-Broadcast Democracy: How Media Choice Increases Inequality in Political Involvement and Polarizes Elections. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Putnam, Robert D. 2001. Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon and Schuster.
Richey, Sean, and J. Benjamin Taylor. 2012. Who Advocates? Determinants of Political Advocacy in Presidential Election Years. Political Communication 29(4): 414–427. doi:10.1080/10584609.2012.721869.
Richey, Sean, and Junyan Zhu. 2015. Internet Access Does Not Improve Political Interest, Efficacy, and Knowledge for Late Adopters. Political Communication 32(3): 396–413. doi:10.1080/10584609.2014.944324.
Rosenstone, Steven J., and John Mark Hansen. 1993. Mobilization, Participation, and Democracy in America. New York, NY: Macmillan.
Ross, Janell. 2012. Mitt Romney Latino Loss Shows Republicans ‘Have Been Their Own Worst Enemy.’ Huffington Post, November 11. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/11/11/mitt-romney-latino-loss-republican_n_2104966.html.
Simon, Rita James. 1985. Public Opinion and the Immigrant: Mass Media Coverage, 1880–1980. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
Smith, Aaron. 2009. The Internet’s Role in Campaign 2008. Pew Research Center: Internet, Science & Tech, April 15. http://www.pewinternet.org/2009/04/15/the-internets-role-in-campaign-2008/.
Sobieraj, Sarah, and Jeffery M. Berry. 2011. From Incivility to Outrage: Political Discourse in Blogs, Talk Radio, and Cable News. Political Communication 28: 19–41.
St. John, Rachel. 2011. Line in the Sand: A History of the Western U.S.-Mexico Border. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Stroud, Natalie Jomini. 2008. Media Use and Political Predispositions: Revisiting the Concept of Selective Exposure. Political Behavior 30: 341–366.
———. 2011. Niche News: The Politics of News Choice. USA: Oxford University Press.
Suro, Roberto. 1998. Strangers Among Us: How Latino Immigration Is Transforming America. New York, NY: Alfred A. Knopf.
Teixeira, Ruy A. 1992. The Disappearing American Voter. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution.
Teresi, Holly, and Melissa R. Michelson. 2015. Wired to Mobilize: The Effect of Social Networking Messages on Voter Turnout. The Social Science Journal 52(2): 195–204. doi:10.1016/j.soscij.2014.09.004.
Timpone, Richard J. 1998. Structure, Behavior, and Voter Turnout in the United States. The American Political Science Review 92(1): 145–158.
Tolbert, Caroline J., and Daniel A. Smith. 2005. The Educative Effects of Ballot Initiatives on Voter Turnout. American Politics Research 33(2): 283–309. doi:10.1177/1532673X04271904.
Verba, Sidney, Kay L. Schlozman, Henry E. Brady, and Norman H. Nie. 1993. Race, Ethnicity, and Political Resources: Participation in the United States. British Journal of Political Science 23(4): 453–497.
Verba, Sidney, Kay Lehman Schlozman, and Henry E. Brady. 1995. Voice and Equality: Civic Voluntarism in American Politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Weiss, Amy. 2011. O’Reilly, Bill. In Anti-Immigration in the United States: A Historical Encyclopedia, ed. Kathleen R. Arnold. Santa Barabra, CA: Greenwood Press.
Wolfinger, Raymond E., and Steven J. Rosenstone. 1980. Who Votes? New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Taylor, J.B. (2017). Political Behavior and Extreme Television Media Consumption. In: Extreme Media and American Politics. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41183-5_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41183-5_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-41182-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-41183-5
eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)