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Cosmic Microwave Background

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Classical and Quantum Cosmology

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Abstract

The standard hot big bang model predicts that today the universe has a temperature of a few Kelvin [1]. In 1964, a background signal was discovered and found consistent with a black-body spectrum at the temperature of about 3 K [2], which was soon recognized as radiation from the primordial universe [3]. Later observations confirmed the black-body spectrum and defined the main characteristics of this radiation, such as the presence of tiny anisotropies in an otherwise extremely isotropic background (Fig. 4.1).

Philolaus puts fire in the middle, around the center, which he calls furnace of everything and abode of Zeus and mother of the gods and altar and junction and measure of nature. And then another fire at the top, surrounding the whole.

— Aëtius (ed. H. Diels), Doxographi Graeci, II 7,7

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Notes

  1. 1.

    For instance, a non-scale-invariant primordial spectrum shifts (but only mildly) the position of the peaks, \(\Delta \ell_{i}/\ell_{i} \simeq n_{i}(n_{\mathrm{s}} - 1)\), where n i  ≪ 1 [67] and n s will be defined in (4.58).

  2. 2.

    This definition differs by a factor \(1/\sqrt{2}\) from that given in [95].

  3. 3.

    Also vector modes can potentially give rise to a curl-curl signal (for them, C ℓ BB∕C ℓ EE ∼ 6 at large ℓ [16]).

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Calcagni, G. (2017). Cosmic Microwave Background. In: Classical and Quantum Cosmology. Graduate Texts in Physics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41127-9_4

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