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The Bioarchaeology of Socio-Sexual Lives

Part of the book series: Bioarchaeology and Social Theory ((BST))

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Abstract

After his death on March 26, 1827, Ludwig van Beethoven’s temporal bones were extracted with surgical imprecision from his skull. Though autopsy of a celebrated figure was not an unusual post-mortem event at the time, the removal of these particular skeletal elements seems to have been a departure from standard medical practice. The composer’s death mask appears disfigured as a result. Inspection of Beethoven’s body did little to clarify his cause of death. Nevertheless, attendant physicians remained hopeful that the auditory organs would yield information about his musical abilities and deafness. Beethoven was then inhumed in Währing Cemetery on the northwestern outskirts of Vienna.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The quote is from the English translation of Kreissle von Hellborn’s biography. The original German is as follows: “Sein rundes, dickes, etwas aufgedunsenes Gesicht, die niedere Stirn, die aufgeworfenen Lippen, buschigen Augenbrauen, die stumpfe Nase und das gekräuselte Haar, gaben seinem Kopf ein mohrenartiges Aussehen” (Von Hellborn 1865: 466).

  2. 2.

    The term hermaphroditism is invoked here to capture the language used at a particular historic juncture. Activists and academics have discussed its conceptual shortcomings and derogatory meanings when used to describe humans’ conditions. For an excellent explanation about its inadequacy as a modern referent see the Intersex Society of North America’s FAQ page: http://www.isna.org/faq/hermaphrodite.

  3. 3.

    These terms first appear in a correspondence that German writer Karl Maria Kertbeny sent to theorist and defender of same-sex relations Karl Heinrich Ulrichs; the letter was dated 6 May 1868 (Katz 1995: 52).

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    Pamela L. Geller

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Geller, P.L. (2017). The Corpus. In: The Bioarchaeology of Socio-Sexual Lives. Bioarchaeology and Social Theory. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40995-5_2

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