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Photons in the Ear

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Translational Research in Audiology, Neurotology, and the Hearing Sciences

Part of the book series: Springer Handbook of Auditory Research ((SHAR,volume 58))

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Abstract

Among neural prostheses, cochlear implants (CIs) are considered the most successful devices. To date, they have benefited more than 324,000 patients with severe-to-profound hearing loss. CIs directly stimulate the auditory nerve and restore some hearing. Despite the great success of the devices, the outcomes in performance are variable. CI users often have difficulties in speech recognition in challenging listening environments and their perception of music is limited. It has been argued that performance correlates with the number of independent channels, which can be used to transmit information to the brain. While physical properties of the tissue result in a wide spread of the electrical current in contemporary devices and limit the number of independent channels, other modes of stimulation may provide an opportunity to increase spatial selectivity of neural stimulation and thus increase the number of independent channels for information transfer. An improvement in performance of the implant users is expected. This chapter provides an overview of the opportunities and the contemporary challenges of neural stimulation with light regarding auditory prostheses.

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Acknowledgments

This work has been funded by the NIDCD, R01-DC011855.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Ave., Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA

    Xiaodong Tan, Nan Xia & Claus-Peter Richter

  2. Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China

    Nan Xia

  3. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, USA

    Claus-Peter Richter

  4. Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, The Hugh Knowles Center, Northwestern University, 2240 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, USA

    Claus-Peter Richter

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  1. Xiaodong Tan
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Correspondence to Claus-Peter Richter .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Callier Center for Communication Disorders, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA

    Colleen G. Le Prell

  2. Callier Center for Communication Disorders, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA

    Edward Lobarinas

  3. Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA

    Arthur N. Popper

  4. Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA

    Richard R. Fay

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Xiaodong Tan declares that he has no conflict of interest.

Nan Xia declares that she has no conflict of interest. Nan Xia was supported bu the China scholarship council.

Claus-Peter Richter is the founding Chief technology Officer (CTO) of Resonance Medical, LLC, and is inventor on several patents pertaining to optical stimulation and the design of optical implant electrodes.

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Tan, X., Xia, N., Richter, CP. (2016). Photons in the Ear. In: Le Prell, C., Lobarinas, E., Popper, A., Fay, R. (eds) Translational Research in Audiology, Neurotology, and the Hearing Sciences. Springer Handbook of Auditory Research, vol 58. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40848-4_9

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