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Biological Basis of Breast Cancer Prevention

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The Pathobiology of Breast Cancer

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Abstract

Epidemiological, clinical and pathological studies have uncovered novel aspects regarding the complexity of breast cancer [1–11], and reproductive history has been found to be a common denominator for risk [7, 8, 11]. Increased breast cancer incidence and mortality were associated with nulliparity as early as the 1700s, as reported by Bernardino Ramazzini, who attributed the phenomenon to the childlessness of nuns in Italian convents [12]. MacMahon et al. [8] reported that pregnancy exerted a protective effect in women who bore children from their early teen years to their mid-twenties, relative to a risk of 100 for nulliparous women. Numerous studies have confirmed these results and have additionally reported that multiple pregnancies significantly decrease the risk of developing breast cancer after age 50 [8], whereas full-term pregnancy later in life increases a woman’s breast cancer risk, reaching the same levels observed in nulliparous women when it occurs between 30 to 34 years of age, increasing even further after 35 years [7, 8]. An understanding of the mechanisms that determine whether a pregnancy would prevent breast cancer or increase its risk requires taking into consideration the age at the first pregnancy [13–15].

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  1. Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Jose Russo

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Russo, J. (2016). Biological Basis of Breast Cancer Prevention. In: The Pathobiology of Breast Cancer. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40815-6_10

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