Self-Representations by Women in the Dutch Organisations

van Es, Margaretha A.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-40676-3_3

Margaretha A. van Es⁵

Part of the book series: Citizenship, Gender and Diversity ((FEMCIT))

820 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter explores how women, who have been active in various minority organisations in the Netherlands, have represented themselves and the broader constituency of their organisation between 1975 and 2010. It reveals how women have subverted, internalised, and appropriated prevailing stereotypes through their self-representations, how they have dis-identified from particular stereotypes, and how they have developed counter-stereotypes in response. The author also reflects on the concept of “self-representation” and on the unequal power relations between women within each organisation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Chapter: USD 29.95; Price excludes VAT (USA)

eBook: USD 79.99; Price excludes VAT (USA)

Softcover Book: USD 99.99; Price excludes VAT (USA)

Hardcover Book: USD 99.99; Price excludes VAT (USA)

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

1.
“Kadinlar: Een Fototentoonstelling”, Turkse Vrouwenkrant (March/April 1981), 2.
2.
IISH, Archive HTKB, File 164: “Subsidieaanvraag bij de Gemeente Amsterdam 1980” (1979); “Tweede Generatie”, Turkse Vrouwenkrant (December 1979/January 1980), 2; IISH, Archive HTKB, File 241: “Arbeidssituatie van Turkse Vrouwen in Nederland” (1981).
3.
IISH, Archive HTKB, File 7: “HTKB: Turkse Vrouwen Vereniging in Nederland” (1984), 2.
4.
“Interview Met Fatma”, Turkse Vrouwenkrant (December 1979/January 1980), 4; IISH, Archive HTKB, File 7: “HTKB: Turkse Vrouwen Vereniging in Nederland” (1984), 4.
5.
IISH, Archive HTKB, Congressen, File 7: “HTKB: Turkse Vrouwen Vereniging in Nederland” (1984), 4.
6.
“Tweede Generatie”, Turkse Vrouwenkrant (December 1979/January 1980), 2.
7.
IISH, Archive HTKB, File 7: “HTKB: Turkse Vrouwen Vereniging in Nederland” (1984), 7.
8.
Ibid., 4.
9.
Ibid. The HTKB often used the word “progressive” but didn’t give a detailed definition of this word. Probably this was because it was an often used and widely accepted term that was not perceived as in need of any further explanation.
10.
See for example IISH, Archive HTKB, File 262: “Buurtbericht No. 2” (1976).
11.
“We Komen Niet van de Maan”, De Waarheid (10 June 1985), 1.
12.
“Wij Zijn Niet Alleen een Hulpverleningsorganisatie”, Turkse Vrouwenkrant (May/June 1982), 10–11.
13.
Redmond and Goudt (1990), “Daar Hoor Ik Ook Bij”; Onderwater (2008), “Wij Zijn Geen Zielige Vrouwtjes!”.
14.
IISH, Archive HTKB, File 7: “HTKB: Turkse Vrouwen Vereniging in Nederland” (1984), 10–11.
15.
Front cover, Turkse Vrouwenkrant (May 1979).
16.
“Internationale Vrouwendag”, Turkse Vrouwendag (April/May 1980), 2–3.
17.
Because of copyright restrictions, the poster can unfortunately not be presented in this book.
18.
ATKB, Archive ATKB, “Inhoudelijk Jaarverslag ATKB 2004” (2004).
19.
ATKB, Archive ATKB, “Inhoudelijk Jaarverslag ATKB 2008” (2008).
20.
Emel Can – ATKB (interviewed 19 April 2013).
21.
ATKB, Archive ATKB, “Inhoudelijk Jaarverslag ATKB 2008” (2008).
22.
Emel Can – ATKB (interviewed 19 April 2013).
23.
Ibid.
24.
Atria, File: NED7 1992, “Marokkaanse Vrouwen Vereniging Nederland: 10 Jaar 1982–1991” (1992).
25.
See for example Atria, File: J 144, “Jaarverslag Marokkaanse Vrouwen Vereniging Nederland 1991” (1992), 2.
26.
Arib and Reijmers (1992), Marokkaanse Vrouwen in Nederland, 9–10.
27.
Ibid., 16–17.
28.
Ibid., 4.
29.
Ibid., 59.
30.
Ibid., 7.
31.
MVVN, Archive MVVN, “Mudawwanah: Informatie over het Marokkaanse Familierecht voor Hulpverleners in Nederland”(2004): MVVN, Archive MVVN, “Mudawwanah: Informatie over het Marokkaanse Familierecht voor Marokkaanse Vrouwen” (2004).
32.
MVVN, Archive MVVN, “Achtergebleven of Achtergelaten? Een Wegwijzer voor Marokkaanse Vrouwen over Gedwongen Achterlating in Marokko” (2005).
33.
Ikram Chiddi – MVVN (interviewed on 4 June 2013).
34.
“Plan Emancipatie Allochtonen Betuttelend”, Opzij (March 2004), Zijkrant.
35.
“Waarom Islam?”, Umma-el-Islam (October 1984), 7–11.
36.
“(Hard), Werkende Moslima’s?!”, Al Nisa (December 2002), 6–13.
37.
“Van het Bestuur”, Al Nisa (February 1994), 4–7.
38.
Ibid.
39.
“Redactioneel”, Al Nisa (November 2001), 3.
40.
Mahmood (2005), Politics of Piety, 11–12. Mahmood notes how “agency” is often perceived to be the decisive factor for people to judge whether a woman is “free” or not.
41.
Nieuwkerk (2006), “Gender, Conversion, and Islam”, 97–100. Karin van Nieuwkerk notes in her study of conversion narratives how the medium and the genre of the conversion story influence the way in which women talk about becoming Muslim. Conversion stories are always told backwards; the narratives are remodelled in line with the new convictions of the convert. Helping each other to keep steady in their religious devotion is an important objective, and public conversion stories often serve to inspire others.
42.
“Een Hoofddoek? Ja!”, Al Nisa (July 1995), 11.
43.
“De Hoofddoek en Ik”, Al Nisa (July 1995), 12–13; “Herkenning”, Al Nisa (July 1995), 14–15.
44.
“Herkenning”, Al Nisa (July 1995), 14–15.
45.
“Wat Betekent Islamitische Kleding voor Mij?”, Al Nisa (July 1995), 26–27.
46.
“Themanummer Hoofddoek”, Al Nisa (July 1995), 4–5.
47.
Mariëtte Bogaers – Al Nisa (interviewed on 12 June 2013).
48.
“Geweld Tegen Vrouwen in Relaties”, Al Nisa (March 2002), 6–18.
49.
Ibid., there 15–16.
50.
“Geweld Tegen Vrouwen in Relaties”, Al Nisa (March 2002), 6–18; “In het Web van Tradities: Over Vrouwenbesnijdenis”, Al Nisa (September 2005), 22–26; “Uithuwelijking en Islam”, Al Nisa (January 2006), 6–13; “Eergerelateerd Geweld in Nederland”, Al Nisa (April 2007), 21–23. Female genital mutilation had also been discussed in 1992 in: “Vrouwenbesnijdenis”, Al Nisa (June 1992), 26–31; “‘Uithuwelijken: Het ‘Westen’ versus ‘de Islam’?” (November 1994), 28–29.
51.
See for example: “Van Aïsja Tot Zeinab: Khadija”, Al Nisa (November 2007), 18–19.
52.
Salima Roelse – Dar al Arqam (interviewed 9 May 2013).
53.
Ibid.
54.
“Voorwoord”, Choice! (2001), 1.
55.
“Ik en Mijn Islam: Nadia”, Choice! (2003), 17–18.
56.
Khadija Withagen – Dar al Arqam (interviewed 17 April 2013).
57.
Dar al Arqam, Archive Dar al Arqam, “Werkplan 2003–2004” (2003), 1–2; Dar al Arqam, Archive Dar al Arqam, “Werkplan 2004–2005” (2004), 1–2.
58.
Khadija Withagen – Dar al Arqam (interviewed 17 April 2013).
59.
Kevser Aktaş – MGVG (interviewed 5 June 2013).
60.
Saliha Meray – MGVF (interviewed 5 June 2013).
61.
“’Ik Was Laatst Nog in Eurodisney’: Vrouwelijke Imam Fatma Katirci over Preken en Uitgaan”, NRC Handelsblad (8 July 2002), 3.
62.
“‘Ik Was Laatst Nog in Eurodisney’ Vrouwelijke Imam Fatma Katirci over Preken en Uitgaan”, NRC Handelsblad (8 July 2002), 3.
63.
“Moslima Wenst Emancipatie met de Koran”, Trouw (12 December 2002), 14.
64.
Nesrin Altuntaş – MGVF (interviewed 5 June 2013).
65.
Saliha Meray – MGVF (interviewed 5 June 2013).
66.
Ibid.
67.
“Milli Gorus Wil Eigen Imam-Opleiding in Nederland”, ANP Press release (19 January 2000); Milli Görüş Vrouwen Federatie, Archive MGVF, “Jaarverslag 2008–2009” (2009).
68.
“Dolle Moslima’s”, Elsevier (31 August 2002), 14–17; “Vrouwendag Steeds Belangrijker voor Moslima’s”, ANP Press release (6 March 2003), ; “Praat met Moslima’s, Niet over Hen”, Opzij (January 2005).
69.
“Vrouwendag Steeds Belangrijker voor Moslima’s”, ANP press release (6 March 2003),
70.
Pektaş-Weber (2006), Moslima’s, 144–148.
71.
Milli Görüş Vrouwen Federatie, Archive MGVF, “Jaarverslag 2008–2009” (2009), 6, 23, and 25–26.
72.
Nesrin Altuntaş – MGVF (interviewed 5 June 2013).
73.
Nesrin Altuntaş – MGVF (interviewed 5 June 2013).
74.
“Milli Gorus Wil Eigen Imam-Opleiding in Nederland”, ANP press release (19 January 2000).
75.
http://www.mashriq.nl/index.php?page=missie-visie-doelstellingen (accessed 15 May 2014). The original website was created in 2004 but was thoroughly revised in 2008 and 2015.
76.
http://www.mashriq.nl/index.php?page=meedoen (accessed 15 May 2014).
77.
http://www.mashriq.nl/index.php?page=geschiedenis (accessed 15 May 2014).
78.
Anny Sheikh – MashriQ SV (interviewed 24 June 2013).
79.
Adeela Nawaz – MashriQ SV (interviewed 4 June 2013).
80.
http://www.mashriq.nl/index.php?page=missie-visie-doelstellingen (accessed 15 May 2014). Due to copyrights restrictions, the picture cannot be shown in this book.
81.
Adeela Nawaz – MashriQ SV (interviewed 4 June 2013).
82.
Unfortunately the pictures cannot be shown here because copyright restrictions.
83.
Anny Sheikh – MashriQ SV (interviewed 24 June 2013).
84.
Anny Sheikh – MashriQ SV (interviewed 24 June 2013); http://www.mashriq.nl/index.php?mact=Calendar,cntnt01,default,0&cntnt01year=2007&cntnt01month=&cntnt01event_id=31&cntnt01display=event&cntnt01lang=nl_NL&cntnt01returnid=92 (accessed 15 May 2014).
85.
http://www.mashriq.nl/index.php?mact=Calendar,cntnt01,default,0&cntnt01year=2007&cntnt01month=&cntnt01event_id=36&cntnt01display=event&cntnt01lang=nl_NL&cntnt01returnid=92 (accessed 15 May 2014).
86.
See for example the celebration of the birthday of Imam Mahdi on 15 September 2006: http://www.ahlalbait.nl/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=136:verslag-viering-van-de-geboortedag-imam-mahdi-as&catid=85:rapporten&Itemid=100291 (accessed 20 May 2014).
87.
Ithar Alghanam – AJO (interviewed 3 May 2013).
88.
http://www.ahlalbait.nl/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&id=85&Itemid=100291 (accessed 20 May 2014).
89.
http://www.ahlalbait.nl/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=401:verslag-bijeenkomst-meidengroep-hijaab-de-bevrijdende-kracht&catid=85:rapporten&Itemid=100291 (accessed 20 May 2014).
90.
http://www.ahlalbait.nl/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=406&Itemid=10030, consulted 20 May 2014 (accessed 20 May 2014). Unfortunately the exact author and date of web publication are not mentioned on the website.
91.
Tilly (1995), “To Explain Political Processes”, 7.
92.
Pickering (2001), Stereotyping, xiii.
93.
During its first years as an organisation, the HTKB had a small number of ethnic Dutch volunteers. Although these volunteers did not have positions as leaders, they sometimes assisted in writing Dutch texts. However, these texts were always written on behalf (and upon approval) of the board.
94.
Spivak (1988), “Can the Subaltern Speak?”, 272.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Margaretha A. van Es

Authors

Margaretha A. van Es
View author publications
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

van Es, M.A. (2016). Self-Representations by Women in the Dutch Organisations. In: Stereotypes and Self-Representations of Women with a Muslim Background. Citizenship, Gender and Diversity. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40676-3_3

Download citation

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40676-3_3
Published: 27 December 2016
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-40675-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-40676-3
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics