Microdermabrasion

Abstract

Microdermabrasion (MDA) is a safe, effective, and noninvasive skin rejuvenation tool that acts by mechanical exfoliation of the stratum corneum (Cosmetic dermatology, Berlin, 2005; Plast Reconstr Surg 113(5):1438–43, 2004; Plast Reconstr Surg 125(1):372–77, 2010; Aesthetic medicine, Berlin, 2011). Regeneration of this layer results in a more evenly textured skin surface (Cosmetic dermatology, Berlin, 2005; Plast Reconstr Surg 113(5):1438–43, 2004; Plast Reconstr Surg 125(1):372–77, 2010; Aesthetic medicine, Berlin, 2011). The basic unit is a dual-channel handpiece that blows micro-sized, sharp crystals (e.g., aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, sodium chloride, etc.) onto the skin surface for superficial abrasion. In this closed-loop system, a second channel suctions the crystal particles along with skin debris (Plast Reconstr Surg 125(1):372–77, 2010). Several histological and molecular studies have confirmed a net overall thickening of the epidermal and dermal layers with increased alignment of collagen fibers in the latter attributed to the suction (Cosmetic dermatology, Berlin, 2005; Plast Reconstr Surg 113(5):1438–43, 2004; Aesthetic medicine, Berlin, 2011).

Two types of microdermabrasion systems exist: crystal MDA and crystal-free MDA (diamond or bristle tip). Each possesses its advantages and limitations. Crystal MDA has higher efficacy due to its ability for deeper penetration into the epidermis, higher sterility, and bactericidal effect of the aluminum oxide crystals. Crystal-free MDAs that often utilize a diamond brush demonstrate shorter procedure times, lower maintenance cost, and less pain. They are often utilized in thin and sensitive type of skin (Aesthetic medicine, Berlin, 2011).

MDA is recommended for use in the face, neck, décolleté, shoulders, back, hands, knees, and elbows. Indications for MDA include, but are not limited to, treatment of fine rhytids, acne scars, stretch marks, enlarged pores, and dyschromia (Cosmetic dermatology, Berlin, 2005; Plast Reconstr Surg 113(5):1438–43, 2004; Plast Reconstr Surg 125(1):372–77, 2010; Aesthetic medicine, Berlin, 2011). Although safe, great care must be taken in patients who have used retinoid within 6 months of the procedure as irritation and redness posttreatment is a risk (Aesthetic medicine, Berlin, 2011).