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Omega-3 Fatty Acids pp 307–320Cite as

Modulation of Immune Response by Omega-3 in Health and Disease

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Abstract

During the last 3-4 decades, there has been vast information on effect of omega-3 on the immune system in health and in diseases, especially those caused by excessive inflammatory response. In this chapter, attempts have been made to elucidate the effect of omega-3 on different components of immune system, especially during child development and in aged individuals. Omega-3 is also known to reduce the pathological manifestations especially in diseases related to inflammation, allergy and autoimmunity which are the major challenges today. Earlier studies on effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids in immune system were conducted using animal systems; in this chapter, more emphasis is given on human studies. n-3 PUFAs have been shown to be very effective in controlling inflammation by affecting extravasation, phagocytic response, generation of cytokines, inflammatory mediators and adhesion molecules. They also manipulate the functions of antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes including T and B cells, NK cells, LAK cells and also T regulatory cells. Most of the reports on effect of dietary omega-3 in human health have been conducted as clinical trials, extrapolated from experiences in animals and also using in vitro techniques, which have limitations. The chapter reports trials conducted to assess the effectiveness of omega-3 diet supplementation in healthy volunteers using in vitro and in vivo assays. It also deals with the effect of omega-3 diet supplementation on pregnancy and lactation, especially in relation to infant allergies. Cognizance has also been taken of the effects of omega-3 diet supplementation in aged population. Finally, the chapter reviews important literature on the effectiveness of n-3 PUFAs in controlling inflammatory and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), psoriasis, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Keywords

  • PUFA dietary omega-3
  • Immune system
  • Anti-inflammatory effect of dietary omega-3
  • Modulation of lymphocyte functions by dietary omega-3
  • Effect of dietary omega-3 on production of soluble mediators
  • Effect dietary omega-3 on immune status of healthy individuals
  • Effect dietary omega-3 in aged population
  • Effect dietary omega-3 during pregnancy and lactation
  • Effect dietary omega-3 in controlling inflammatory
  • Autoimmune and allergic diseases

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Acknowledgments

The author wishes to thank Mr. Aniket Mali for his valuable help in the preparation of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Integrated Centre for Cancer Treatment and Research, Wagholi, Pune, 412 207, Maharashtra, India

    Sudha Gangal

  2. Formerly, Head, Immunology Division, Cancer Research Institute, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

    Sudha Gangal

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  1. Real Nutrition Laboratory, Bharati Vidyapeeth University Real Nutrition Laboratory, Dhankawadi, India

    Mahabaleshwar V. Hegde

  2. Center for Innovation in Nutrition Health Disease, Bharati Vidyapeeth University , Dhankawadi Pune, India

    Anand Arvind Zanwar

  3. Western IRB Medical Vice Chair, Puyallup, Washington, USA

    Sharad P. Adekar

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Gangal, S. (2016). Modulation of Immune Response by Omega-3 in Health and Disease. In: Hegde, M., Zanwar, A., Adekar, S. (eds) Omega-3 Fatty Acids. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40458-5_26

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