Abstract
The clinical decision to include the internal mammary (IM) nodal chain into radiation treatment fields for breast cancer is complex, and the literature surrounding this decision is controversial and even conflicting [1–5]. However, with three high profile papers published in the past year supporting the use of IM radiation even in relatively low-risk women, there will likely be an increasing trend toward IM radiation in the coming years [6]. The primary reasons not to treat these nodes are that it can be technically challenging and may increase exposure to the heart, lung, and contralateral breast. Ultimately, the decision to treat the IM nodes for an individual patient balances the estimated clinical benefit based on the patient’s scenario with the potential additional toxicity that may be conferred by treating this nodal group. This chapter will focus on the various techniques that may be employed to treat the IM nodes, rather than the complex decision-making involved for an individual patient.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Poortmans PM, Collette S, Kirkove C et al (2015) Internal mammary and medial supraclavicular irradiation in breast cancer. N Engl J Med 373:317–327
Whelan TJ, Olivotto IA, Parulekar WR et al (2015) Regional nodal irradiation in early-stage breast cancer. N Engl J Med 373:307–316
Thorsen LB, Offersen BV, Dano H et al (2016) DBCG-IMN: a population-based cohort study on the effect of internal mammary node irradiation in early node-positive breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 34:314–320
Hennequin C, Bossard N, Servagi-Vernat S et al (2013) Ten-year survival results of a randomized trial of irradiation of internal mammary nodes after mastectomy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 86:860–866
McGale P, Taylor C, Correa C et al (2014) Effect of radiotherapy after mastectomy and axillary surgery on 10-year recurrence and 20-year breast cancer mortality: meta-analysis of individual patient data for 8135 women in 22 randomised trials. Lancet 383:2127–2135
Haffty BG, Whelan T, Poortmans PM (2016) Radiation of the internal mammary nodes: is there a benefit? J Clin Oncol 34:297–299
Pierce LJ, Butler JB, Martel MK et al (2002) Postmastectomy radiotherapy of the chest wall: dosimetric comparison of common techniques. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 52:1220–1230
Arthur DW, Arnfield MR, Warwicke LA et al (2000) Internal mammary node coverage: an investigation of presently accepted techniques. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 48:139–146
Marks LB, Hebert ME, Bentel G et al (1994) To treat or not to treat the internal mammary nodes: a possible compromise. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 29:903–909
Oh JL, Buchholz TA (2009) Internal mammary node radiation: a proposed technique to spare cardiac toxicity. J Clin Oncol 27:e172–e173; author reply e174.
Depauw N, Batin E, Daartz J et al (2015) A novel approach to postmastectomy radiation therapy using scanned proton beams. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 91:427–434
Cuaron JJ, Chon B, Tsai H et al (2015) Early toxicity in patients treated with postoperative proton therapy for locally advanced breast cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 92:284–291
Taylor CW, Wang Z, Macaulay E et al (2015) Exposure of the heart in breast cancer radiation therapy: a systematic review of heart doses published during 2003 to 2013. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 93:845–853
Fontanilla HP, Woodward WA, Lindberg ME et al (2012) Current clinical coverage of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group-defined target volumes for postmastectomy radiation therapy. Pract Radiat Oncol 2:201–209
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wright, J., Ng, S.K., Cahlon, O. (2016). Techniques for Internal Mammary Node Radiation. In: Bellon, J., Wong, J., MacDonald, S., Ho, A. (eds) Radiation Therapy Techniques and Treatment Planning for Breast Cancer. Practical Guides in Radiation Oncology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40392-2_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40392-2_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-40390-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-40392-2
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)