Abstract
In this chapter, we will first address general issues of the art and craft of modeling—contents, concepts, methodology. Then, we will focus on modeling in contact mechanics, which will give the opportunity to discuss these issues in connection with non-smooth problems. It will be shown that the non-smooth character of the contact laws raises difficulties and specificities at every step of the modeling process. A wide overview will be given on the art of modeling in contact mechanics under its various aspects: contact laws, their mechanical basics, various scales, underlying concepts, mathematical analysis, solvers, identification of the constitutive parameters, and validation of the models. Every point will be illustrated by one or several examples.
The author is grateful to Prof. Marius Cocou for his very constructive comments on the mathematical aspects and Prof. Alfredo Soldati for our very interesting discussion on the general topic.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Alart, P., & Curnier, A. (1991). A mixed formulation for frictional contact problems prone to Newton like solution methods. CMAME, 92(3), 353–375.
Anciaux, G., & Molinari, J.-F. (2009). Contact mechanics at the nanoscale, a 3D multiscale approach. IJNME, 79(9), 1041–1067.
Anciaux, G., Ramisetti, S. B., & Molinari, J.-F. (2012). A finite temperature bridging domain method for MD-FE coupling and application to a contact problem. CMAME, 205–208, 204–212.
Andersson, L.-E. (1991). A quasistatic frictional problem with normal compliance. Nonlinear Analysis Theory Methods Application, 16, 347–369.
Andersson, L. E. (2000). Existence results for quasistatic contact problems with Coulomb friction. Applied Mathematics Optimum, 42(2), 169–202.
Archard, J. F. (1953). Contact and rubbing of flat surface. Journal of Applied Physics, 24(8), 981–988.
Archard, J. F., & Hirst, W. (1956). The wear of metals under unlubricated conditions. Proceeding of Royal Society, A–236, 397–410.
Archard, J. F. (1957). Elastic deformation and the laws of friction. Proceedings of Royal Society London A, 243, 190–205.
Archard, J. F. (1974). Surface topography and tribology. Tribology International, 7, 213–220.
Ballard, P. (1999). A counter-example to uniqueness in quasi-static elastic contact problems with friction. International Journal of Enginering Science, 37, 163–178.
Ballard, P. (2000). The dynamics of discrete mechanical systems with perfect unilateral constraints. Archive for Rational Mechanics Analysis, 154, 199–274.
Ballard, P., & Basseville, St. (2005). Existence and uniqueness for dynamical unilateral contact with Coulomb friction: a model problem. Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Analysis, 39(1), 59–77.
Berthier, Y. (2005). Third body reality - Consequences and use of the third body concept to solve a friction and wear problems, in Wear. Mechanisms and Practice, Wiley: Materials.
Bizzarri, A., & Cocco, M. (2003). Slip-weakening behavior during the propagation of dynamic ruptures obeying rate and state dependent friction laws. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108(B8), 2373.
Bouchitte, G., Lidouh, A., Michel, J.-C., Suquet, P. (1992) Might boundary homogenization help to understand friction. In Curnier (Ed.), Proceedings of Contact Mechanics International Symposium. Presses Polytechniques: Lausanne.
Chabrand, P., Dubois, F., & Raous, M. (1998). Comparison of various numerical methods for solving unilateral contact problems with friction. Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 28(4–8), 97–108.
Campillo, M., & Ionescu, I. R. (1997). Initiation of antiplane shear instability under slip dependent friction. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102(B9), 20363–20371.
Cherepanov, G. P., Balakin, A. S., & Ivanova, V. S. (1995). Fractal fracture mechanics a review. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 51(6), 997–1033.
Cho, J., Junge, T., Molinari, J.-F., & Anciaux, G. (2015). Toward a 3D coupled atomistic and discrete dislocation dynamics simulation: dislocation core structures and Peierls stresses with several character angles in FCC aluminum. Advanced of Modelling Simulation Engineering, 2(12).
Christensen, P. W., Klarbring, A., Pang, J. S., & Stromberg, N. (1998). Formulation and comparison of algorithms for frictional contact problems. International Journal of Numerical Methods Engineering, 42, 145–173.
Cocou, M. (1984). Existence of solutions of Signorini problems with friction. International Journal of Engineering Science, 22(5), 567–575.
Cocou, M., Pratt, E., Raous, M. (1995) Existence d’une solution du problème quasi statique de contact unilateral avec frottement non local, CRAS Paris, 320 Serie I, pp. 1413–1417.
Cocou, M., Pratt, E., & Raous, M. (1996). Formulation and approximation of quasistatic frictional contact. International Journal of Engineering Science, 34(7), 783–798.
Cocou, M., Pratt, E., & Raous, M. (1998). Constructive aspects of functional analysis for the treatment of frictional contact. Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 28(4–8), 109–120.
Cocou, M., Cangémi, L., Raous, M. (1999) Approximation results for a class of quasistatic contact problems including adhesion and friction, In Argoul-Frémond-Nguyen (Eds.) Proc. IUTAM Symposium on Variations de domaines et frontières libres en mécanique des solides, pp. 211–218. Kluwer.
Cocou, M., & Rocca, R. (2000). Existence results for unilateral quasistatic contact problems with friction and adhesion. Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Analysis, 34, 981–1001.
Cocou, M., Raous, M. (2001) Implicit variational inequalities arising in frictional contact mechanics : analysis and numerical solutions for quasistatic problems, In Prof. G. Fichera, Gilbert-Panagiotopoulos-Pardalos (Eds) From convexity to non-convexity dedicated to memory, pp. 255–267. Kluwer: Dordrecht.
Cocou, M. (2002). Existence of solutions of a dynamic Signorini’s problem with nonlocal friction in viscoelasticity. ZAMP, 53, 1099–1109.
Cocou, M., & Scarella, G. (2006). Analysis of a dynamic unilateral contact problem for a cracked viscoelastic body. ZAMP, 57, 523–546.
Cocou, M., Schryve, M., & Raous, M. (2010). A dynamics unilateral contact problem with adhesion and friction in viscoelasticity. ZAMP, 61, 721–743.
Cottle, R. W., Giannessi, F., & Lions, P.-L. (Eds.). (1979). Variational inequalities and complementary problems in mathematical physics and economics. New York: Wiley.
Coulomb, C. A. (1785). Théorie de machines simples. Mémoire de Mathémathiques et de Physique de l’Académie Royale, 10, 161–342.
Dautray, R., Lions, J.-L. (1987) Analyse mathématique et calcul numérique pour les sciences de l’ingénieur, 1302 p. Masson, Paris.
De Laurenzis, L., & Wriggers, P. (2013). Computational homogenization of rubber friction on rough rigid surfaces. Computing and Mathematics Science, 77, 264–284.
Del Piero, G., & Raous, M. (2010). A unified model for adhesive interfaces with damage, viscosity and friction. European of Journal Mechanics - A/Solids, 29(4), 496–507.
Del Piero, G., & Pampolini, G. (2012). The influence of viscosity on the response of open-cell polymeric foams in uniaxial compression: experiments and theoretical model. Continuum Mechanics and Thermodynamics, 24, 181–199.
Demkowicz, L., & Oden, J. T. (1982). On some existence and uniqueness results in contcat problems with non local friction. Nonlinear Analysis: Theory Methods Applications, 6(10), 1075–1093.
Descartes, R. (1637) Discours de la méthode pour bien conduire sa raison et chercher la vérité dans les Sciences, Imprimerie Ian Maire, La Haye, 8 June 1637
Dumont, S., Lebon, F., Raffa, M.L., Rizzoni, R., Welemane, H. (2016) Multiscale Modeling of Imperfect Interfaces and Applications, In Ibrahimbegovic (Ed.) Computational Methods for Solids and Fluids, CMAME, vol. 41, pp. 81-122.
Duvaut, G., & Lions, J.-L. (1972). Les inéquations en mécanique et en physique. Paris: Dunod.
Duvaut, G. (1980). Equilibre d’un solide élastique avec contact unilatéral et frottememt de Coulomb. CRAS, Paris, 290A, 263–265.
Drosopouilos, G. A., Wriggers, P., & Stavroulakis, G. (2014). A multi-scale computational method including contact for the analysis of damage in composite materials. Computational Materials Sciences, 12(95), 522–535.
Eck, C., & Jaruseck, J. (1998). Existence results for the static contact problem with Coulomb friction. Mathematical Models Methods in Applied Sciences, 8, 445–468.
Fichera, G. (1964). Problemi elastostatici con vincoli unilaterali: il problema di Signorini con ambigue condizioni al contorno. Memorie della Accad. Naz.dei Lincei, Classe di Scienze Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali, 8(7), n2, 91–140.
Fremond, M. (1987). Adherence des solides. Journal of Mechanics Theoretical Applications, 6(3), 383–407.
Glowinski, R., Lions, J.-L., & Trémolieres, R. (1976). Analyse numérique des inéquations variationnelles. Paris: Dunod.
Greenwood, J. A., & Williamson, J. B. (1966). Contact of nominally flat surfaces. Proceedings of the Royal Society London A, 255, 300–319.
Hyun, S., Pei, L., & Molinari, J.-F. (2004). Finite-element analysis of contact between elastic self-affine surfaces. Physical Review E, 70(2).
Ida, Y. (1972). Cohesive force across the tip of a longitudinal shear crack and Griffith’s specific surface energy. Journal of Geophysical Research, 77, 3796–3805.
Jarusek, J. (1983). Contact problems with bounded friction coercive case. Czechoslovak Mathematics Journal, 33(108), 237–261.
Jarusek, J. (1996). Dynamic contact problems with given friction for viscoelstic bodies. Czechoslovak Mathematics Journal, 46(121), 475–487.
Jean, M., Moreau, J.-J. (1987) Dynamics in the presence of unilateral contact and dry friction: a numerical approach. In Unilateral problems in structural analysis, Del Piero-Maceri (eds), CISM Course, vol. 304. Springer: Wien (1987).
Jean, M. (1999). The Non Smooth contact dynamics method. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics Engineering, 177, 235–257.
Jean, M., Acary, V., & Monerie, Y. (2001). Non-smooth contact dynamics approach of cohesive materials. Philosiphical Transaction of the Royal Society London (A), 359, 2497–2518.
Johnson, K. L. (1985). Contact mechanics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Junge, T., & Molinari, J.-F. (2014). Plastic activity in nanoscratch molecular dynamics simulations of pure aluminium. International Journal of Plasticity, 53, 90–106.
Karray, M.A., Barbarin, S., Raous, M. (2004) Traitement de la liaison béton-acier par un modèle d’interface couplant adhésion et frottement, Annales Maghrébines de l’Ingénieur, 18(2).
Kikuchi, N., & Oden, J. T. (1988). Contact problems in elasticity : a study of variational inequalities and finite element methods. Philadelphia: SIAM.
Klarbring, A., Mikelic, A., & Shillor, M. (1989). On friction problems with normal compliance. Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods and Applications, 13, 935–955.
Klarbring, A. (1990). Examples of non uniqueness and non existence of solutions to quasistatic contact problem with friction. Ingegner.-Archive, 60, 529–541.
Klarbring, A., & Björkman, G. (1988). A mathematical programming approach to contact problems with friction and varying surfaces. Computers and Structures, 30(5), 1185–1198.
Kuttler, K. L. (1997). Dynamic friction contact problems for general normal and friction laws. Nonlinear Analysis: Theory Methods and Applications, 28(3), 559–575.
Laursen, T. A. (2003). Computational contact and impact mechanics. Berlin: Springer.
Lebon, F., & Raous, M. (1992). Multibody contact problem including friction in structural assembly. Computers and Structures, 43(5), 925–934.
Lebon, F., Raous, M., Rosu, I. (2007) Multigrid methods for unilateral contact problems with friction. In Wriggers-Nackenhorst (Eds.) IUTAM-Symposium on Computational Methods in Contact Mechanics, pp. 1–16. Springer: Berlin.
Licht, Ch., Pratt, E., Raous, M. (1991) Remarks on a numerical method for unilateral contact including friction, International Series Numerical Mathematics, vol. 101, pp. 129-144 Birkhäuser: Basel.
Licht, Ch., & Michaille, G. (1997). A modelling of elastic adhesive bonded joints. Advances in Mathematical Sciences and Applications, 7, 711–740.
Liu, C. H., Hofstetter et, G., & Mang, H. A. (1994). 3D finite element analysis of rubber-like materials at finite strains. Engineering with Computers, 11.
Lorenz, B., & Persson, B. N. J. (2009). Interfacial separation between solids with randomly surfaces: comparison of experiment with theory. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 21, 1–6.
Martins, J. A. C., & Oden, J. T. (1987). Existence and uniqueness results for dynamic contact problems with nonlinear normal and tangential interface laws. Nonlinear Analysis: Theory Methods and Application, 11(3), 407–428.
Martins, J. A. C., & Oden, J. T. (1988). Corrigendum of [70]. Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods and Applications, 12(7), 747.
Martins, J. A. C., Barbarin, S., Raous, M., & Pinto da Costa, A. (1999). Dynamic stability of finite dimensional linearly elastic systems with unilateral contact and Coulomb friction. Computers Methods in Applied Mechanics Engineering, 177(3–4), 289–328.
Metropolis, N., & Ulam, S. (1949). The Monte Carlo method. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 44(247), 335–341.
Monerie, Y., & Raous, M. (2000). A model coupling adhesion to friction for the interaction between a crack and a fiber/matrix interface. ZAMM, 80, 205–209.
Moreau, J.-J. (1985). Standard inelastic shocks and the dynamics of unilateral constraints, in: Unilateral Problems. In Structural Analysis & Del Piero-Maceri (Eds.), CISM courses (Vol. 288, pp. 173–221). Wien New York: Springer.
Moreau, J.-J. (1988) In Moreau-Panagiotopoulos (Eds) Unilateral Contact and Dry Friction in Finite Freedom Dynamics, vol. 77, pp. 1–82.
Moreau, J.-J., & Panagiotopoulos, P. D. (Eds.). (1988). Non smooth mechanics and applications (Vol. 302)., CISM courses and lectures Wien: Springer.
Munoz-Rivera, J., & Racke, R. (1998). Multidimensional contact problems in thermoelasticity. SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics, 58(4), 1307–1337.
Necas, J., Jarusek, J., & Haslinger, J. (1980). On the solution of the variational inequality to the Signorini problem with small friction. Boll UMI, 5(17–B), 796–811.
NGuyen, Q. S. (1994). Bifurcation and stability in dissipative media (plasticity, friction, fracture). Applied Mechanics Review, 47.
Pampolini, G., & Del Piero, G. (2008). Strain localization in open-cell polyurethane foams: experiments and theoretical model. Journal of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, 3, 969–981.
Pampolini, G., & Raous, M. (2014). Nonlinear elasticity, viscosity and damage in open-cell polymeric foams. Archive of Applied Mechanics, 84, 1861–1881.
Panagiotopoulos, P. D. (1985). Inequality problems in Mechanics, convex and non convex energy functions and Hemivariational inequalities. Boston Basel: Birkhäuser.
Pei, L., Hyun, S., & Molinari, J.-F. (2005). Finite element modeling of elasto-plastic contact between rough surfaces. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 53(11), 2385–2409.
Persson, B. N. J. (2007). Relation between interfacial separation and load: a general theory of contact mechanics. Physical Review Letters, 99(12), s.
Pfeiffer, F., & Glocker, Ch. (1996). Multibody dynamics with unilateral contacts. New York: Wiley.
Pfeiffer, F. (2009). Mechanical system dynamics. Berlin: Springer.
Pfeiffer, F., & Schindler, Th. (2015). Introduction to dynamics. Berlin: Springer.
Ramisetti, S. B., Anciaux, G., & Molinari, J.-F. (2014). A concurrent atomistic and continuum coupling method with applications to thermo-mechanical problems. International Journal on Numerical Methods Engineering, 97, 707–738.
Raous, M. (1979) In Cottle-Gianessi-Lions (Eds) On Two Variational Inequalities Arising from a Periodic Viscoelastic Unilateral Problem, pp 285–302.
Raous M. (Ed) (1988) Numerical methods in mechanics of contact involving friction, Special Issue J. Méca. Th. Appl., 7(suppl. n1).
Raous, M., Chabrand, P., Lebon, F. (1988) In Raous (Ed.) Numerical Methods for Frictional Contact Problems and Applications, vol.91, pp. 111–128.
Raous, M., Barbarin, S. (1992) Preconditioned conjugate gradient method for a unilateral problem with friction, In Curnier (Ed.) Contact Mechanics, pp. 423-432. Press. Polytechnic University: Romandes.
Raous, M., Sage, M. (1992) Numerical simulation of the behavior of surface asperities for metal forming. In Chenot-Wood- Zienkiewicz (Eds.) Numerical Methods in Industrial Forming Processes, pp. 75–80. Balkema.
Raous, M. (1999) Quasistatic Signorini problem with Coulomb friction and coupling to adhesion. In Wriggers-Panagiotopoulos (Eds.) CISM Courses and Lectures New Developments in Contact Problems, vol. 384, pp. 101–178. Springer: Wien-New York.
Raous, M., Cangemi, L., & Cocou, M. (1999). A consistent model coupling adhesion, friction and unilateral contact. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 177(3–4).
Raous, M. (2001) Constitutive models and numerical methods for frictional contact. In Lemaitre (Ed.) Handbook of Materials BehaviorNon linear Models and Properties, pp. 777–786. Academic Press: Cambridge.
Raous, M., Barbarin, S., Vola, D. (2002) Numerical characterization and computation of dynamic instabilities for frictional contact problems. In Martins-Raous (Eds.) Friction and instabilities, CISM Courses and Lectures, vol. 457, pp. 233–292. Springer: Wien-New York.
Raous, M., & Monerie, Y. (2002). Unilateral contact, friction and adhesion in composite materials: 3D cracks in composite material. In Contact Mechanics & Martins-Monteiro Marques (Eds.), Coll (pp. 333–346). Solid Mech. Appl.: Kluwer.
Raous, M., Schryve, M., Cocou, M. (2006) Restorable adhesion and friction. In Baniotopoulos (Ed.) Nonsmooth/Nonconvex Mechanics with Applications in Engineering, pp. 165-172. Ziti Publisher: Thessaloniki.
Raous, M., & Karray, M. A. (2009). Model coupling friction and adhesion for steel-concrete interfaces. International Journal of Computer Applications in Techonlogy, 34(1), 42–51.
Raous, M., Festa, G., Vilotte, J.-P., Henninger, C. (2010) Adhesion and friction for fault interfaces in geophysics, Keynote lecture. In Mini-Symposium Computer Contact Mechanics, IV European Conference Computer Mechanics ECCOMAS (Solid Structure Coupled Pbs Engineering). Paris, 17-21 May 2010.
M. Raous, Interface models coupling adhesion and friction, Them. Issue: Surface mechanics: facts and numerical models, CRAS Paris, 339, 491-501, 2011.
Rizzoni, R., Dumont, S., Lebon, F., & Sacco, E. (2014). Higher order model for soft and hard elastic interfaces. International Journal on Solids Structures, 51, 4137–4148.
Rocca, R., & Cocou, M. (2001). Existence and approximation of a solution to quasistatic problem with local friction. International Journal of Engineering Science, 39(11), 1233–1255.
Rocca, R., & Cocou, M. (2001). Numerical analysis of quasi-static unilateral contact problems with local friction. SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis, 39(4), 1324–1342.
Ruina, A. L. (1983). Slip instability and state variable friction laws. Journal of Geophysical Research, 88(10), 359–370.
Rutherford, A. (1978). Mathematical modelling techniques (p. 269). New York: Dover Publications, inc.
Sauer, R. A. (2016). A survey of computational models for adhesion. The Journal of Adhesion, 92(2), 81–120.
Shillor, M., Sofonea, M., & Telega, J.J. (2004). Models and analysis of quasistatic contact. Lecture Notes in Physics, 655.
Serpilli, M. (2015). Mathematical Modeling of weak and strong piezoelectric interfaces. Journal of Elasticity, 121, 235–254.
Signorini, A. (1959). Questioni di elasticita non linearizzata e semi-linearizzata. Rend. di Matem. delle sue appl., 18,
Simo, J. C., & Taylor, R. L. (1991). Quasi-incompressible finite elasticity in principal stretches. Continuum basis and numerical algorithms. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 85, 4.
Simo, J. C., & Laursen, T. A. (1992). An augmented Lagrangian treatment of contact problems involving friction. Computer Structures, 42(1), 97–116.
Spijker, P., Anciaux, G., & Molinari, J.-F. (2012). The effect of loading on surface roughness at the atomistic level. Computational Mechanics, 50, 273–283.
Spijker, P., Anciaux, G., & Molinari, J.-F. (2013). Relations between roughness, temperature and dry sliding friction at the atomic scale. Tribology International, 59, 222–229.
Sussman, T., & Bathe, K. J. (1987). A finite element formulation for nonlinear incompressible elastic and inelastic analysis. Comput. Struct., 26(1–2).
Tabor, D. (1981). Friction-The present state of our understanding. Jouranl of Lubrication Technology Transation ASME, 103, 169–179.
Temizer, I., & Wriggers, P. (2008). A multiscale contact homogenization technique for the modeling of third bodies in the contact interface. Computational Methods of Applied Mechanics Engineering, 198, 377–396.
Uenishi, K., & Rice, J.R. (2003). Universal nucleation length for slip-weakening rupture instability under nonuniform fault loading. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108(B1).
Vilotte, J.-P., Festa, G., Raous, M., Henninger, C. (2009) Earthquake rupture with scale-dependant friction and damage interface law. In American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, USA.
Vola, D., Pratt, E., Jean, M., & Raous, M. (1998). Consistent time discretization for a dynamical frictional contact problem and complementarity techniques. Rev. Europ. Elêments Finis, 7(1–3), 149–162.
Vola, D., Raous, M., & Martins, J. A. C. (1999). Friction and instability of steady sliding: squeal of a rubber/glass contact. International Journal of Numerical Methods Engineering, 46, 1699–1720.
Wagner, P., Wriggers, P., Klapproth, C., & Prange, C. (2015). Multiscale FEM approach for hysteresis friction of rubber on rough surfaces. Computational Methods of Applied Mechanics Engineering, 296, 150–168.
Wohlmuth, B. (2011). Variationally consistent discretization schemes and numerical algorithms for contact problems. Acta Numerical, 569–734.
Wriggers, P., Vu Van, T., & Stein, E. (1990). Finite element formulation of large deformation impact-contact problems with friction. Computers and Structures, 37(3).
Wriggers, P., & Panagiotopoulos, P. D. (Eds.). (1999). New developments in contact problems (Vol. 384)., CISM Courses and Lectures Wien-New York: Springer.
Wriggers, P. (2002). Computational contact mechanics. New York: Willey.
Wriggers, P., & Laursen, T. A. (Eds.). (2007). Computational contact mechanics (Vol. 498)., CISM Courses and Lectures Wien-New York: Springer.
Wriggers, P., & Reinelt, J. (2009). Multi-scale approach for frictional contact of elastomers on rough rigid surfaces. Computational Methods of Applied Mechanics Engineering, 198(21–26), 1996–2008.
Yastrebov, V. A., Anciaux, G., & Molinari, J.-F. (2015). From infinitesimal to full contact between rough surfaces: evolution of the contact area. International Journal of Solids Structures, 52, 83–102.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 CISM International Centre for Mechanical Sciences
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Raous, M. (2017). Art of Modeling in Contact Mechanics. In: Pfeiffer, F., Bremer, H. (eds) The Art of Modeling Mechanical Systems. CISM International Centre for Mechanical Sciences, vol 570. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40256-7_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40256-7_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-40255-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-40256-7
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)