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Marine Isotope Stage 3 in Southern South America, 60 KA B.P.-30 KA B.P. pp 107–127Cite as

Active Deformation, Uplift and Subsidence in Southern South America Throughout the Quaternary: A General Review About Their Development and Mechanisms

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Abstract

A broad range of processes act today and have acted simultaneously during the Quaternary, producing relief from the Chilean coast, where the Pacific Ocean floor is sinking underneath the South American margin, to the Brazilian and Argentine Atlantic Ocean platform area. This picture shows to be complex and responds to a variety of processes which are just started to be considered. These processes involve mountains created in a passive margin setting along vast sections of the Brazilian Atlantic Ocean coast and regions located inland, to “current” orogenic processes along the Andean zone. On one hand, mountains in the passive margin seem to be created in the area where the forearc region eastwardly shifts at a similar rate than the westward advancing continent and, therefore, it can be considered as relatively stationary and dynamically sustained by a perpendicular-to-the-margin asthenospheric flow. On the other hand, the orogenic processes associated with the eastern Andes show to be highly active at two particular areas: the Subandean region, where the trench is stationary and the Pampean flat subduction zone to the south, where a shallower geometry of the Nazca plate creates particular conditions for deformation and rapid propagation of the orogenic front generating a high-amplitude orogen. In the Southern Central and Patagonian Andes, mountain (orogenic) building processes are attenuated, and other mechanisms of regional uplift become dominant, such as the (i) crustal weakening and deformation linked to the impact of mantle plumes originated in the 660 km mantle transition, (ii) the retirement of ice masses from the Andes after the Pleistocene producing an isostatic rebound, (iii) the dynamic topography associated with the opening of asthenospheric windows during the subduction of the Chile ridge and slab tearing processes, (iv) the subduction of oceanic plateaux linked to transform zones and (v) the accretion of oceanic materials beneath the forearc region. Additionally and after recent geodetic studies, (vi) forearc coastal uplift due to co-seismic and post-seismic lithospheric stretching associated with large earthquakes along the subduction zone, also shows to be a factor associated with regional uplift that needs to be further considered as an additional mechanism from the Chilean coast to presumably the arc zone.

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Acknowledgmentss

The authors acknowledge Carlos Costa for a revision made on an early version of the manuscript. Additionally we acknowledge Editors Dres Gasparini, Rabassa, Deschamps and Tonni, for the invitation to integrate this volume. This work was financed by PIP 11220110100506, UBACYT 20020110100019, PICT-2012-1490. This is the R-184 contribution of the Instituto de Estudios Andinos “Don Pablo Groeber”, University of Buenos Aires, Conicet.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Estudios Andinos, Laboratorio de Tectónica Andina, Conicet, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Andrés Folguera, Guido Gianni, Lucía Sagripanti, Emilio Rojas Vera, Bruno Colavitto, Darío Orts & Víctor Alberto Ramos

Authors
  1. Andrés Folguera
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  2. Guido Gianni
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  3. Lucía Sagripanti
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  4. Emilio Rojas Vera
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  5. Bruno Colavitto
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  6. Darío Orts
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  7. Víctor Alberto Ramos
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Andrés Folguera .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Museo de La Plata División Paleontología Vertebrados, Universidad Nacional de La Plata Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, La Plata, Argentina

    Germán Mariano Gasparini

  2. Laboratoria de Geomorfología, CADIC-CONICET, Ushuaia, Argentina

    Jorge Rabassa

  3. División Paleontología Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina

    Cecilia Deschamps

  4. División Paleontología Vertebrados, Universidad Nacional de La Plata Museo de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina

    Eduardo Pedro Tonni

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© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

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Folguera, A. et al. (2016). Active Deformation, Uplift and Subsidence in Southern South America Throughout the Quaternary: A General Review About Their Development and Mechanisms. In: Gasparini, G., Rabassa, J., Deschamps, C., Tonni, E. (eds) Marine Isotope Stage 3 in Southern South America, 60 KA B.P.-30 KA B.P.. Springer Earth System Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40000-6_6

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