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Geodynamic Evolution of the Southernmost Andes pp 137–171Cite as

Wrenching Tectonism in the Southernmost Andes and the Scotia Sea Constrained from Fault Kinematic and Seismotectonic Overviews

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Abstract

The geodynamics of the study area includes subduction, orogen dynamics, and major transcurrent tectonics at a complex transform margin in the southern ocean. We present a synthesis of the fault system associated to major fault zones in the Fuegian Andes and the Scotia Sea and review the available kinematic databases from microtectonic measurements. Our synthesis of six independent fault kinematic studies is coherent with a very consistent shortening direction-oriented NE–SW in the Southernmost Andes. The stability of the stress pattern and orientation of the shortening axes on a more regional scale involving the Scotia Sea indicate a steady E–W to NNE–SSW σ1/shortening direction since middle Eocene times. This observations reflect that the global left-lateral motion between Antarctica–Scotia–South America plates circuit is the main driving force for the entire area and in particular for the Southernmost Andes, over the last ~45 Ma. Both the observed short-term geodetic and the long-term geological slip rates of the Magallanes–Fagnano fault system from Tierra del Fuego are moderate (~5 mm/year), and the expected time span between major M8 earthquakes would be around 10 kyr. Yet the time between the two most recent large earthquakes was about 70 years. Such a great discrepancy suggests a complex mechanics on the Magallanes–Fagnano fault system, leading to complex recurrence time history for the characteristic earthquake (M ≥ 7).

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Buenos Aires and Besancon University (UBA and UBFC resp.), the Besançon Observatory (OSU-THETA), the French CNRS-INSU (project SCOPE), the Argentinean CONICET, and the ECOS-SUD comity (project A15U02). Many thanks to the people who came with us and helped us on the field and specifically to M. Branellec. Some maps were drawn using GMT code (Wessel and Smith 1991). Special thanks to Ombeline, Felix, and Simon.

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  1. Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement, Besançon, France

    Christian Sue

  2. Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, Instituto de Estudios Andinos “Don Pablo Groeber” CONICET, FCEN—Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Matías C. Ghiglione

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  1. Christian Sue
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Correspondence to Christian Sue .

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  1. National Council of Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Matías C. Ghiglione

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Sue, C., Ghiglione, M.C. (2016). Wrenching Tectonism in the Southernmost Andes and the Scotia Sea Constrained from Fault Kinematic and Seismotectonic Overviews. In: C. Ghiglione, M. (eds) Geodynamic Evolution of the Southernmost Andes. Springer Earth System Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39727-6_6

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