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Antimicrobial Drug Efflux Pumps in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

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Efflux-Mediated Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria

Abstract

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an emerging opportunistic pathogen with an environmental origin. One of the most cumbersome characteristics of S. maltophilia is its natural low susceptibility to different antimicrobial agents that are currently in use in the clinical practice. Because of that, this species is considered as a prototype of intrinsically resistant microorganism. Part of its capability to resist the action of antimicrobials resides in a number of chromosomally encoded efflux pumps. Notably, overexpression of some of these efflux pumps can confer clinically relevant resistance to quinolones. This is likely the reason why, in contrast to other pathogens, no S. maltophilia-resistant isolates have been found presenting mutations in the genes encoding bacterial topoisomerases. Along this chapter, we describe different efflux pumps that have been so far reported in S. maltophilia as well as the mechanisms that allow their regulation. The clinical relevance these efflux pumps may have for the success of S. maltophilia in producing infections in patients is also discussed. Finally, we focus on the function that efflux pumps may have in the adaptation of S. maltophilia to nonclinical ecosystems, such as rhizosphere, where antimicrobial selective pressure is likely low.

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Acknowledgments

Work in the authors’ laboratory is supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (BIO2014-54507-R), from the Madrid Autonomous Community (S2010/BMD2414 (PROMPT)), from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Spanish Network for Research on Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD12/0015)), and from the European Union (HEALTH-F3-2011-282004 (EVOTAR)).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain

    María B. Sánchez & José L. Martínez

  2. Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany

    Guillermo García-León

  3. CIC biomaGUNE, San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, Spain

    Alvaro Hernández

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  1. María B. Sánchez
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  3. Alvaro Hernández
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  4. José L. Martínez
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to José L. Martínez .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

    Xian-Zhi Li

  2. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland, USA

    Christopher A. Elkins

  3. University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA

    Helen I. Zgurskaya

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© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

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Sánchez, M.B., García-León, G., Hernández, A., Martínez, J.L. (2016). Antimicrobial Drug Efflux Pumps in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia . In: Li, XZ., Elkins, C., Zgurskaya, H. (eds) Efflux-Mediated Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria. Adis, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39658-3_15

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