Abstract
The relationship between personalised medicine and public health can be observed from three different standpoints, offering a framework for deliberation on the individual vs. social, i.e. personal/private vs. public, as follows: personalised medicine in public health, personalised medicine vs. public health and personalised medicine and public health. Analysis brings us to the third concept as the most suitable framework for the place and role of personalised medicine within the entire health care system. Namely, personalised medicine has the potential to embrace a proactive, preemptive, participative and preventive approach to the health and well-being of all citizens. This calls for a new taxonomy of health and disease and a redefinition of health care, which now has to be understood more as a process than as a system. At the centre of this new paradigm is an individual who has to be empowered to manage one’s own health and disease. The health literacy initiative plays the key role in this inclusiveness. This potential of personalised approach to the entire health care can be highlighted through the concept of proactive P4 medicine (predictive, preventive, personalised and participatory), where public health initiatives become participatory health initiatives, based on the inclusiveness of participatory biocitizens, taking action in participatory health communities.
Professor Vladimir Mićović, M.D., Ph.D., Head of Teaching Institute of Public Health of Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, Rijeka, Croatia.
Professor Iva Sorta Bilajac, M.D., Ph.D., Teaching Institute of Public Health of Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, Rijeka, Croatia.
Professor Đulija Malatestinić M.D., Ph.D., Head of Department of Health, Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, Rijeka, Croatia.
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Notes
- 1.
See Sorta-Bilajac (2012).
- 2.
See Hastings Center (1996), pp. S1–S27.
- 3.
See Veatch (1996), pp. 579–585.
- 4.
See Frković (2006).
- 5.
See Pellegrino et al. (1990), pp. 175–180.
- 6.
See U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2013).
- 7.
See Kass (2001), pp. 1176–1182.
- 8.
See Dickenson (2013a).
- 9.
Ibid.
- 10.
Ibid., 8.
- 11.
See Dickenson (2013b), pp. 26–27.
- 12.
See Dickenson (2014).
- 13.
Ibid., 11.
- 14.
See Callahan (2002), pp. 169–176.
- 15.
Ibid., 12.
- 16.
Ibid., 11.
- 17.
Ibid., 11.
- 18.
See Potter (1970), pp. 127–153.
- 19.
See Jonsen (1993), pp. S1–S4.
- 20.
Ibid., 8.
- 21.
See European Science Foundation (ESF) (2012).
- 22.
Ibid.
- 23.
See Simmons et al. (2012), pp. 85–91.
- 24.
See Trusheim et al. (2007), pp. 287–293.
- 25.
See Mirnezami et al. (2012), pp. 489–491.
- 26.
See National Research Council Committee on a Framework for Developing a New Taxonomy of Disease (2012).
- 27.
See Cesuroglu et al. (2012), pp. 115–119.
- 28.
Ibid., 21.
- 29.
Ibid., 21.
- 30.
See Woolf (2008), pp. 3140–3148.
- 31.
Ibid., 21.
- 32.
Ibid., 21.
- 33.
Ibid., 21.
- 34.
Ibid., 21.
- 35.
Ibid., 21.
- 36.
Ibid., 21.
- 37.
Ibid., 21.
- 38.
See Nutbeam (2000), pp. 259–267.
- 39.
See Simonds (1974), pp. 1–10.
- 40.
See U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2000).
- 41.
See HLS-EU Consortium (2012).
- 42.
See Zweifel et al. (1997).
- 43.
See Dukić et al. (2013).
- 44.
Ibid., 21.
- 45.
In attempt to approach the above-mentioned European initiative, Primorsko-goranska County launched the Health Literacy Innitiative within the project “Healthy County” for the 2015–2018 period. One of the partners in this initiative is the Teaching Institute of Public Health of the Primorsko-goranska County.
- 46.
Ibid., 21.
- 47.
See Jakab (2011), pp. 130–132.
- 48.
See Hood and Friend (2011), pp. 184–187.
- 49.
See Weston and Hood (2004), pp. 179–196.
- 50.
See Swan (2012), pp. 93–118.
- 51.
Ibid., 21.
- 52.
See WHO (1946).
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Mićović, V., Turina, I.SB., Malatestinić, Đ. (2016). Personalised Medicine and Public Health. In: Bodiroga-Vukobrat, N., Rukavina, D., Pavelić, K., Sander, G. (eds) Personalized Medicine. Europeanization and Globalization, vol 2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39349-0_5
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