Abstract
Children’s social–emotional development plays a central role in healthy growth and functioning across the life span, and is as important for school readiness and success as cognitive and academic preparedness. This chapter will describe four interrelated and essential social–emotional competencies—specifically, social cognition, self-awareness, executive function, and self-regulation. Key experiences are needed to build these competencies, including the following: nurturing and responsive relationships with caregivers; language-rich environments; opportunities for practicing skills for self-regulation and communication; and developmentally appropriate opportunities to play, explore, and learn by doing. Current practices and programs in both home and school settings can provide these critical opportunities for promoting children’s social and emotional competence.
Keywords
- Domestic Violence
- Food Insecurity
- School Readiness
- Parental Depression
- Emotional Competence
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsNotes
References
54_Parental_Depression1.pdf. (n.d.). Retrieved January 8, 2016, from http://www.childtrends.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/54_Parental_Depression1.pdf
American Academy of Pediatrics (n.d.). The social emotional development of young children: Resource guide for healthy start staff. Retrieved from National Healthy Start Association: www.nationalhealthystart.org/site/assets/docs/NHSA_SocialEmotional_2.pdf
Bagner, D. M., Pettit, J. W., Lewinsohn, P. M., Seeley, J. R., & Jaccard, J. (2013). Disentangling the temporal relationship between parental depressive symptoms and early child behavior problems: A transactional framework. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 42(1), 78–90.
Beer, J. S., & Ochsner, K. N. (2006). Social cognition: A multi-level analysis. Brain Research, 1079, 98–105. Retrieved from www.dept.psych.columbia.edu/~kochsner/pdf/Beer_Ochsner_Soc-Cog_Levels.pdf
Behavioral Health Barometer: United States Annual Report 2015–2015_National_Barometer.pdf (n.d.). Retrieved March 21, 2016, from http://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/2015_National_Barometer.pdf
Boggs, S. R., Eyberg, S. M., Edwards, D. L., Rayfield, A., Jacobs, J., Bagner, D., et al. (2005). Outcomes of parent-child interaction therapy: A comparison of treatment completers and study dropouts one to three years later. Child & Family Behavior Therapy, 26(4), 1–22. doi:10.1300/J019v26n04_01
Boyd, J., Barnett, W. S., Leong, D. J., Bodrova, E., & Gomby, E. (2005). Promoting children’s social and emotional development through preschool education. Retrieved from National Institute for Early Education Research: www.nieer.org/resources/policyreports/report7.pdf
Brazelton, T. B., & Greenspan, S. (2000). The irreducible needs of children: What every child must have to grow, learn, and flourish. Cambridge: Perseus Books.
Brotman, L. M., Gouley, K. K., Chesir-Teran, D., Dennis, T., Klein, R. G., & Shrout, P. (2005). Prevention for preschoolers at high risk for conduct problems: Immediate outcomes on parenting practices and child social competence. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 34(4), 724–734. doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3404_14
Brown, D. W., Anda, R. F., Tiemeier, H., Felitti, V. J., Edwards, V. J., Croft, J. B., et al. (2009). Adverse Childhood Experiences and the Risk of Premature Mortality. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 37(5), 389–396. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2009.06.021
CASEL Guide. (2012). 2013 CASEL Guide: Effective social and emotional learning programs—Preschool and elementary school edition. Chicago, IL: Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning.
Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University (2010). The foundations of lifelong health are built in early childhood. Retrieved from Author: http://developingchild.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/Foundations-of-Lifelong-Health.pdf
Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University (2011). Building the brain’s “air traffic control” system: How early experiences shape the development of executive function: Working Paper No. 11. Retrieved from Author: www.developing.child.harvard.edu
Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University (2016). Executive function & self-regulation. http://developingchild.harvard.edu/science/key-concepts/executive-function/
Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University (n.d.). INBRIEF: Executive function: Skills for life and learning. Retrieved from Author: http://developingchild.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/InBrief-Executive-Function-Skills-for-Life-and-Learning-2.pdf
Coleman-Jensen, A., Nord, M., & Singh, A. (2013). Household food security in the United States in 2012, ERR-155, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
Cooper, J. L., Masi, R., & Vick, J. (2009). Social-emotional development in early childhood: What every policymaker should know. New York, NY: National Center for Children in Poverty.
Cuijpers, P., Andersson, G., Donker, T., & van Straten, A. (2011). Psychological treatment of depression: Results of a series of meta-analyses. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 65(6), 354–364. doi:10.3109/08039488.2011.596570
Cuijpers, P., Berking, M., Andersson, G., Quigley, L., Kleiboer, A., & Dobson, K. S. (2013). A meta-analysis of cognitive-behavioural therapy for adult depression, alone and in comparison with other treatments. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry/La Revue Canadienne de Psychiatrie, 58(7), 376–385.
Domitrovich, C. E., Cortes, R. C., & Greenberg, M. T. (2007). Improving young children’s social and emotional competence: A randomized trial of the preschool “PATHS” curriculum. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 28(2), 67–91. doi:10.1007/s10935-007-0081-0
Durand, V. M., & Moskowitz, L. (2015). Functional communication training thirty years of treating challenging behavior. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 35(2), 116–126. doi:10.1177/0271121415569509
Easterbrooks, M. A., & Biringen, Z. (2009). Introduction to the special issue: Emotional availability across contexts. Parenting: Science and Practice, 9(3–4), 179–182. doi:10.1080/15295190902844266
Eiden, R. D., Colder, C., Edwards, E. P., & Leonard, K. E. (2009). A longitudinal study of social competence among children of alcoholic and non-alcoholic parents: Role of parental psychopathology, parental warmth, and self-regulation. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 23(1):36–46
Embry, D. D., & Biglan, A. (2008). Evidence-based kernels: Fundamental units of behavioral influence. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 11(3), 75–113.
Felitti, V. J. (2002). The relationship between adverse childhood experiences and adult health: Turning gold into lead. The Permanente Journal, 6, 44–47.
Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., Nordenberg, D., Williamson, D. F., Spitz, A. M., Edwards, V., et al. (1998). Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 14(4), 245–258. doi:10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00017-8
Fram, M. S., Frongillo, E. A., Fishbein, E. M., & Burke, M. P. (2014). Roles for schools and school social workers in improving child food security. Children & Schools, 36(4), 231–239. doi:10.1093/cs/cdu018
Freeman, P. A. C. (2014). Prevalence and relationship between adverse childhood experiences and child behavior among young children. Infant Mental Health Journal, 35(6), 544–554. doi:10.1002/imhj.21460
Greenberg, M. T., Kusche, C. A., Cook, E. T., & Quamma, J. P. (1995). Promoting emotional competence in school-aged children: The effects of the PATHS curriculum. Development and Psychopathology, 7(1), 117–136. doi:10.1017/S0954579400006374
Hamby, S., Finkelhor, D., Turner, H., & Ormrod, R. (2011). Children’s exposure to intimate partner violence and other family violence. Retrieved from The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/232272.pdf
Harper Browne, C. (2014). The strengthening families approach and protective factors framework: Branching out and reaching deeper. Washington, DC: Center for the Study of Social Policy. Retrieved from Center for the Study of Social Policy: http://www.cssp.org/reform/strengtheningfamilies/2014/The-Strengthening-Families-Approach-and-Protective-Factors-Framework_Branching-Out-and-Reaching-Deeper.pdf
Hart, B., & Risley, T. R. (1995). Meaningful differences in the everyday experience of young American children. Baltimore, MD, US: Paul H Brookes Publishing.
Holt, S., Buckley, H., & Whelan, S. (2008). The impact of exposure to domestic violence on children and young people: A review of the literature. Child Abuse & Neglect, 32(8), 797–810. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2008.02.004
Hood, K. K., & Eyberg, S. M. (2003). Outcomes of parent-child interaction therapy: Mothers’ reports of maintenance three to six years after treatment. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 32(3), 419–429. doi:10.1207/S15374424JCCP3203_10
Hurlburt, M. S., Nguyen, K., Reid, J., Webster-Stratton, C., & Zhang, J. (2013). Efficacy of the incredible years group parent program with families in head start who self-reported a history of child maltreatment. Child Abuse & Neglect, 37(8), 531–543. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2012.10.008
Jacknowitz, A., Morrissey, T., & Brannegan, A. (2015). Food insecurity across the first five years: Triggers of onset and exit. Children and Youth Services Review, 53, 24–33. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2015.03.012
Lander, L., Howsare, J., & Byrne, M. (2013). The impact of substance use disorders on families and children: From theory to practice. Social Work in Public Health, 28(0), 194–205. doi:10.1080/19371918.2013.759005
Major Depression Among Adults (n.d.). Retrieved January 8, 2016, from http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/prevalence/major-depression-among-adults.shtml
Masten, A. S., Heistad, D., Cutuli, J. J., Herbers, J. E., Obradovic, J., Chan, C-K., et al. (2008). School success in motion: Protective factors for academic achievement in homeless and highly mobile children in Minneapolis. CURA Reporter, 3–9. Retrieved from University of Minnesota, Center for Urban and Regional Affairs: www.cura.umn.edu/publications/catalog/reporter-38-2-2
Middleton, M., Scott, S. L., & Renk, K. (2009). Parental depression, parenting behaviours, and behaviour problems in young children. Infant and Child Development, 18(4), 323–336. doi:10.1002/icd.598
Mid-State Central Early Childhood Direction Center of Syracuse University. (2009). Understanding social and emotional development in young children. Retrieved from Author: http://ecdc.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/BulletinSocialEmotionalDevelopment2.pdf
Mohammad, E. T., Shapiro, E. R., Wainwright, L. D., & Carter, A. S. (2014). Impacts of family and community violence exposure on child coping and mental health. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 43(2), 203–215. doi:10.1007/s10802-014-9889-2
National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. (2000). From neurons to neighborhoods: The science of early childhood development. J. P. Shonkoff & D. A. Phillips (Eds.), Board on children, youth, and families; Commission on behavioral and social sciences and education. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
National Scientific Council on the Developing Child. (2004a). Children’s emotional development is built into the architecture of their brains: Working Paper No. 2. Retrieved from Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University: developingchild.harvard.edu/index.php/resources/reports_and_working_ papers/working_papers/wp2
National Scientific Council on the Developing Child. (2004b). Young children develop in an environment of relationships: Working Paper No. 1. Retrieved from Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University: http://developingchild.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2004/04/Young-Children-Develop-in-an-Environment-of-Relationships.pdf
Nievar, M. A., Moske, A. K., Johnson, D. J., & Chen, Q. (2014). Parenting practices in preschool leading to later cognitive competence: A family stress model. Early Education and Development, 25(3), 318–337. doi:10.1080/10409289.2013.788426
Olds, D. L. (2006). The nurse-family partnership: An evidence-based preventive intervention. Infant Mental Health Journal, 27(1), 5–25. doi:10.1002/imhj.20077
Olds, D. L., Baca, P., McClatchey, M., Ingoldsby, E. M., Luckey, D. W., Knudtson, M. D., et al. (2015). Cluster randomized controlled trial of intervention to increase participant retention and completed home visits in the nurse-family partnership. Prevention Science, 16(6), 778–788. doi:10.1007/s11121-015-0563-x
Parlakian, R. (2003). Before the ABCs: Promoting school readiness in infants and toddlers. Washington, DC: Zero to Three.
Pickens, J. (2009). Socio-emotional programme promotes positive behaviour in preschoolers. Child Care in Practice, 15(4), 261–278.
Rain, J. S. (2014). Loving Guidance, Inc. Final Report, Conscious discipline research study research findings. Retrieved from Rain and Brehm Consulting Group: https://consciousdiscipline.com/downloads/research/CD%20FINAL%20Research%20Report%20for%20NREPP%202014.pdf
Raver, C. C. (2002). Emotions matter: Making the case for the role of young children’s emotional development for early school readiness. Retrieved from Society for Research in Child Development: http://www.srcd.org/sites/default/files/documents/spr16-3.pdf
Risser, H. J., Messinger, A. M., Fry, D. A., Davidson, L. L., & Schewe, P. A. (2013). Do maternal and paternal mental illness and substance abuse predict treatment outcomes for children exposed to violence? Child Care in Practice, 19(3), 221–236. doi:10.1080/13575279.2013.785932
Rooney, E. F., Poe, E., Drescher, D., & Frantz, S. C. (1993). I can problem solve: An interpersonal cognitive problem-solving program. Journal of School Psychology, 31(2), 335–339. doi:10.1016/0022-4405(93)90017-D
Rotheram-Borus, M. J., Swendenman, D., & Chorpita, B. F. (2012). Disruptive innovations for designing and diffusing evidence-based interventions. American Psychologist, 67(6), 463–476.
Sanders, M. R. (2008). Triple P-positive parenting program as a public health approach to strengthening parenting. Journal of Family Psychology, 22(4), 506–517. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.22.3.506
Sanders, M. R., & Kirby, J. N. (2014). A public-health approach to improving parenting and promoting children’s well-being. Child Development Perspectives, 8(4), 250–257. doi:10.1111/cdep.12086
Sanders, M. R., Kirby, J. N., Tellegen, C. L., & Day, J. J. (2014). The Triple P-Positive Parenting Program: A systematic review and meta-analysis of a multi-level system of parenting support. Clinical Psychology Review, 34(4), 337–357. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2014.04.003
Sanders, M. R., & Mazzucchelli, T. G. (2013). The Promotion of Self-Regulation Through Parenting Interventions. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 16(1), 1–17. doi:10.1007/s10567-013-0129-z
Schnurr, M. P., & Lohman, B. J. (2013). Longitudinal impact of toddlers’ exposure to domestic violence. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 22(9), 1015–1031. doi:10.1080/10926771.2013.834019
Schweinhart, L. J. (2007). Crime prevention by the High/Scope Perry Preschool Program. Victims & Offenders, 2(2), 141–160. doi:10.1080/15564880701263064
Schweinhart, L. J. (2013). Long-term follow-up of a preschool experiment. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 9(4), 389–409. doi:10.1007/s11292-013-9190-3
Schweinhart, L. J., Berrueta-Clement, J. R., Barnett, W. S., Epstein, A. S., & Weikart, D. P. (1985). Effects of the Perry Preschool program on youths through age 19: A summary. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 5(2), 26–35. doi:10.1177/027112148500500204
Shapiro, C. (2013). Behavioral kernels and brief interventions: Teaching parents effective behavior management strategies. Invited Commentary, North Carolina Medical Journal, 74(1), 57–59.
Shonkoff, J. P., Garner, A. S., Siegel, B. S., Dobbins, M. I., Earls, M. F., Garner, A. S., et al. (2012). The lifelong effects of early childhood adversity and toxic stress. Pediatrics.
Shonkoff, J. P., & Richmond, J. B. (2009). Investment in early childhood development lays the foundation for a prosperous and sustainable society. Retrieved from 129(1), e232–e246. Retrieved from pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/129/1/e232.full.pdf Encyclopedia on Early Childhood Development: http://www.child-encyclopedia.com/sites/default/files/textes-experts/en/669/investment-in-early-childhood-development-lays-the-foundation-for-a-prosperous-and-sustainable-society.pdf
Sommerville, J. A. (2011). Infants’ social cognitive knowledge. Retrieved from Encyclopedia on Early Childhood Development: http://www.child-encyclopedia.com/Pages/PDF/social_cognition.pdf
Sroufe, L. A., Egeland, B., Carlson, E. A., & Collins, W. A. (2005). The development of the person: The Minnesota study of risk and adaptation from birth to adulthood. New York, NY: Guildford Press.
Stark, D. R., & Chazan-Cohen, R. (2012). Understanding infant mental health. In S. J. Summers & R. Chazan-Cohen (Eds.), Understanding early childhood mental health: A practical guide for professionals (pp. 12–24). Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc.
Thompson, R. A. (2001). Development in the first years of life. The Future of Children, 11(1), 20–33.
USDA Economic Research Service—Definitions of Food Security. (n.d.). Retrieved January 14, 2016, from http://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/food-nutrition-assistance/food-security-in-the-us/definitions-of-food-security.aspx
Webster-Stratton, C. (2001). The incredible years: Parents, teachers, and children training series. Residential Treatment for Children & Youth, 18(3), 31–45. doi:10.1300/J007v18n03_04
Webster-Stratton, C., & Reid, M. J. (2004). Strengthening social and emotional competence in young children: The foundation for early school readiness and success. Infants and Young Children, 17(2), 96–113.
Webster-Stratton, C., Rinaldi, J., & Reid, J. M. (2011). Long-term outcomes of incredible years parenting program: Predictors of adolescent adjustment. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 16(1), 38–46. doi:10.1111/j.1475-3588.2010.00576.x
Weikart, D. P., & Schweinhart, L. J. (1997). High/scope perry preschool program. In G. W. Albee, T. P. Gullotta, G. W. Albee, & T. P. Gullotta (Eds.), Primary prevention works (pp. 146–166). Thousand Oaks, CA, US: Sage Publications, Inc.
Weisz, J. R., Ugueto, A. M., Herren, J., Afienko, S. R., & Rutt, C. (2011). Kernels vs. ears, and other questions for a science of treatment dissemination. Clinical Psychology Science and Practice, 18, 41–46.
West, A. E., & Newman, D. L. (2003). Worried and blue: Mild parental anxiety and depression in relation to the development of young children’s temperament and behavior problems. Parenting: Science and Practice, 3(2), 133–154. doi:10.1207/S15327922PAR0302_02
Yoon, G., Westermeyer, J., Kuskowski, M. A., & Nesheim, L. (2013). Impact of the number of parents with alcohol use disorder on alcohol use disorder in offspring: A population-based study. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 74(08), 795–801. doi:10.4088/JCP.13m08350
Yount, K. M., DiGirolamo, A. M., & Ramakrishnan, U. (2011). Impacts of domestic violence on child growth and nutrition: A conceptual review of the pathways of influence. Social Science & Medicine, 72(9), 1534–1554. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.02.042
Zelazo, P. D. (2011). Social cognition. Retrieved from Encyclopedia on Early Childhood Development: http://www.child-encyclopedia.com/Pages/PDF/social_cognition.pdf
Zigler, E., Pfannenstiel, J. C., & Seitz, V. (2008). The parents as teachers program and school success: A replication and extension. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 29(2), 103–120. doi:10.1007/s10935-008-0132-1
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Harper Browne, C., Shapiro, C.J. (2016). Building Young Children’s Social–Emotional Competence at Home and in Early Care and Education Settings. In: Shapiro, C., Harper Browne, C. (eds) Innovative Approaches to Supporting Families of Young Children. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39059-8_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39059-8_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-39057-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-39059-8
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)